TABLE 2.
Differences from baseline within and between diet groups (6 wk − baseline)1
| Measure | Difference | P2 | Values | P3 |
| Weight loss (kg) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −6.0 ± 3.54 | <0.0001 | 95.4 ± 11.3 | |
| High fat | −6.2 ± 4.8 | <0.0001 | 97.3 ± 12.9 | 0.57 |
| Fasting measures | ||||
| RLP-C5 (mg/dL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −1.9 ± 3.3 | 0.004 | 2.5 (0.8, 4.6)6 | |
| High fat | −2.7 ± 3.1 | 0.04 | 2.0 (1.0, 3.4) | 0.42 |
| HDL-C5 (mg/dL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −5.1 ± 7.8 | 0.02 | 43.0 (38.5, 46.5) | |
| High fat | −2.6 ± 13.1 | 0.49 | 41.0 (34.0, 59.5) | 0.36 |
| LDL-C5 (mg/dL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −6.7 ± 7.8 | 0.003 | 91.5 (85.6, 113.2) | |
| High fat | 11.7 ± 28.2 | 0.13 | 121 (97.7, 130.0) | 0.01 |
| FFA (μmol/L) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | 25.4 ± 269 | 0.71 | 660 ± 191 | |
| High fat | 159 ± 291 | 0.04 | 790 ± 259 | 0.12 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −0.1 ± 6.0 | 0.94 | 85.5 ± 6.5 | |
| High fat | 0.9 ± 10.5 | 0.73 | 86.4 ± 7.6 | 0.65 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −2.8 ± 5.3 | 0.06 | 7.9 ± 5.7 | |
| High fat | −4.7 ± 8.0 | 0.03 | 6.6 ± 3.6 | 0.37 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −26.9 ± 41.3 | 0.02 | 90.1 ± 48.7 | |
| High fat | −43.6 ± 59.5 | 0.01 | 80.4 ± 29.3 | 0.35 |
| AUC (24 h) | ||||
| RLP-C (mg/dL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −50.2 ± 54.8 | 0.003 | 70.7 (35.3, 97.8) | |
| High fat | −59.7 ± 70.8 | 0.004 | 63.7 (32.2, 103.5) | 0.94 |
| FFA (μmol/L) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | 10.8 ± 1269.6 | 0.97 | 4798 ± 1373 | |
| High fat | 4486 ± 2293 | <0.0001 | 9686 ± 1801 | <0.0001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | 35.7 ± 79.5 | 0.09 | 1464 ± 92.5 | |
| High fat | −133 ± 82.9 | <0.0001 | 1315 ± 58.5 | <0.0001 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −141.9 ± 207.6 | 0.02 | 350 ± 152 | |
| High fat | −338.7 ± 398.1 | 0.004 | 217 ± 56.5 | 0.0002 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ||||
| High carbohydrate | −350 ± 673 | 0.06 | 1979 ± 1092 | |
| High fat | −793 ± 872 | 0.002 | 1720 ± 622 | 0.11 |
1
RLP-C, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; FFA, free fatty acid; AUC, area under the curve.
2
P values obtained by using a t test of the 6-wk difference.
3
P values for the diet difference at 6 wk by ANCOVA with regression of the 6-wk measure on the baseline measure and diet.
4
Mean ± SD (all such values).
5
RLP-C, HDL-C, and LDL-C values were approximately log-normally distributed; all statistical tests were performed by using the natural log of these variables.
6
Median; interquartile range in parentheses (all such values).