TABLE 1.
Characteristics of 1294 men with prostate cancer in the Diet and Lifestyle substudy of CaPSURE (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor) comparing extreme quartiles (Q) of intakes of processed and unprocessed red meat, fish, poultry, and eggs (2004–2008)1
| Processed red meat |
Unprocessed red meat |
Fish |
Poultry |
Eggs2 |
||||||
| Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | |
| Median intake (servings/wk)3 | 0 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 7.0 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 0.4 | 5.5 |
| No. of participants | 310 | 337 | 324 | 303 | 348 | 347 | 380 | 346 | 319 | 176 |
| Total person-years | 603 | 677 | 618 | 634 | 750 | 655 | 782 | 660 | 631 | 347 |
| Age at diagnosis (y) | 65.7 ± 8.74 | 65.6 ± 8.1 | 65.7 ± 7.8 | 64.6 ± 8.5 | 66.0 ± 8.2 | 64.4 ± 8.15 | 67.1 ± 7.3 | 62.8 ± 8.45 | 64.7 ± 8.0 | 64.1 ± 8.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 3.3 | 27.9 ± 4.45 | 26.5 ± 3.5 | 27.9 ± 4.35 | 27.2 ± 3.8 | 27.2 ± 4.0 | 27.3 ± 3.7 | 27.8 ± 4.2 | 26.5 ± 3.6 | 28.3 ± 4.75 |
| Nonvigorous activity (MET-h/wk) | 11.5 ± 14.5 | 12.3 ± 15.1 | 11.5 ± 13.6 | 11.7 ± 14.8 | 10.8 ± 14.5 | 12.5 ± 14.6 | 9.8 ± 13.5 | 11.9 ± 13.9 | 11.8 ± 14.6 | 13.0 ± 15.4 |
| Smoking (%) | ||||||||||
| Current | 3.6 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 6.6 | 3.8 | 6.6 | 9.7 |
| Past | 51.3 | 59.45 | 52.8 | 53.5 | 49.4 | 55.0 | 55.8 | 57.6 | 49.2 | 60.85 |
| Never | 45.2 | 32.15 | 41.1 | 37.3 | 42.8 | 38.9 | 36.6 | 37.9 | 42.6 | 30.05 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 2.15 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.05 |
| Race (%) | ||||||||||
| White | 95.8 | 96.4 | 93.8 | 96.0 | 97.4 | 94.05 | 97.1 | 94.5 | 95.3 | 96.0 |
| African American | 2.3 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
| Other | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 3.85 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.1 |
| Gleason sum at diagnosis (%) | ||||||||||
| 2–6 | 65.2 | 67.4 | 66.4 | 69.3 | 68.4 | 69.2 | 67.9 | 70.2 | 71.8 | 67.1 |
| 7 | 28.7 | 23.4 | 25.0 | 22.8 | 26.4 | 21.9 | 25.3 | 23.7 | 23.5 | 21.0 |
| 8–10 | 4.8 | 8.05 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 9.75 |
| Unknown | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 2.35 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.3 |
| PSA at diagnosis (%) | ||||||||||
| 0–10 ng/mL | 80.3 | 84.9 | 81.8 | 81.9 | 84.2 | 81.8 | 82.1 | 83.2 | 84.3 | 81.3 |
| 10.1–20.0 ng/mL | 12.9 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 11.9 | 10.6 | 10.4 | 12.1 | 11.0 | 10.3 | 11.4 |
| ≥20 ng/mL | 3.2 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 3.4 |
| Unknown | 3.6 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| Primary treatment (%) | ||||||||||
| Radical prostatectomy | 61.6 | 58.5 | 61.7 | 64.0 | 60.6 | 59.7 | 57.9 | 67.65 | 65.2 | 64.8 |
| Radiation therapy | 24.5 | 24.6 | 24.1 | 21.8 | 24.1 | 27.4 | 25.8 | 20.2 | 22.6 | 22.7 |
| Hormonal therapy | 5.8 | 7.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 6.3 |
| Other | 8.1 | 9.8 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 5.55 | 9.0 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 6.3 |
MET-h, metabolic equivalent task hours; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.
The numbers of persons per tertile for eggs are not even because of the distribution of egg intake in the study population; ≈45% consumed ≤1 egg/wk, 41% consumed 3 eggs/wk, and 14% consumed >3 eggs/wk.
One processed red meat serving = 1 hot dog, 2 slices of bacon, or 1 slice of processed meats (sausage, salami, bologna, etc). One unprocessed red meat serving = 85–142 g (3–5 oz) of liver; 1 hamburger patty; beef, pork, or lamb as a sandwich or mixed dish; or 113–170 g (4–6 oz) beef, pork, or lamb as a main dish. One fish serving = 85–113 g (3–4 oz) of canned tuna fish, dark-meat fish, other fish, or shrimp, lobster, or scallops as a main dish. One poultry serving = 113–170 g (4–6 oz) of chicken or turkey with or without skin. One egg serving = one whole egg.
Mean ± SD (all such values).
P for trend <0.05; estimated by using the median intakes of each quartile continuously in linear regression models for continuous variables and in logistic regression models for categorical variables.