TABLE 4.
Postdiagnostic consumption of poultry with skin and skinless poultry and risk of prostate cancer progression among 1294 men with prostate cancer in the Diet and Lifestyle substudy of CaPSURE (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor): 2004–20081
| Tertile of intake |
||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | P for trend2 | |
| Median poultry with skin intake | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 0.003 |
| No. of events/no. of participants | 48/584 | 46/473 | 33/237 | |
| Total person-years | 1183 | 980 | 447 | |
| Model 13 | 1.0 (ref)4 | 1.19 (0.78, 1.84) | 2.23 (1.39, 3.59) | |
| Model 256 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.22 (0.78, 1.92) | 2.26 (1.36, 3.76) | |
| Median skinless poultry intake | 0.4 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 0.87 |
| No. of events/no. of participants | 35/344 | 42/391 | 50/559 | |
| Total person-years | 691 | 804 | 1115 | |
| Model 1 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.27 (0.80, 1.99) | 1.03 (0.64, 1.63) | |
| Model 2 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.53 (0.95, 2.48) | 1.20 (0.73, 1.96) | |
Median intakes are reported as servings/wk; 113–170 g (4–6 oz) = 1 serving. ref, reference.
Calculated from a Wald test of the regression coefficient of an ordinal variable by using the median of each quartile in a multivariate model adjusted for age at diagnosis, energy intake, time from diagnosis to questionnaire, Gleason sum at diagnosis, prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis, primary treatment, BMI, nonvigorous activity, and other poultry.
Model 1 is adjusted for age at diagnosis (<60, 60–69.9, 70–79.9, ≥80 y), energy intake (kcal/d), time from diagnosis to questionnaire, and other poultry.
Hazard ratio; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values).
Model 2 was adjusted for age at diagnosis (<60, 60–69.9, 70–79.9, and ≥80 y), energy intake (kcal/d), time from diagnosis to questionnaire, primary treatment (radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or other), BMI (in kg/m2; <18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, and ≥30), nonvigorous activity (metabolic equivalent hours/wk), Gleason sum at diagnosis (2–10), prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis (0–10.0, 10.1–20.0, and >20.0 ng/mL), and other poultry. Fifty-five percent (4.3%) of participants were missing data on covariates and were not included in the model.
Additional adjustment for other food groups, clinical T stage at diagnosis, smoking, race, education, income, marital status, vigorous physical activity, and frequency of intakes of fried food, tomato products, and cruciferous vegetables did not materially change the effect estimates.