Table 1.
Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Acute Episode or Death
| Variable | Median (range) or number in category | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value |
| Demographic Factors (OR is relative to nontabulated category) | ||||
| Age >35 | 29 (15–70) | 1.63 | .64–4.13 | .31 |
| Female sex | n = 76 | 1.74 | .65–4.67 | .25 |
| Clinical History and Examination | ||||
| Categorical Variables (OR is relative to nontabulated category) | ||||
| HIV positive (known or index presentation) | n = 120 | 1.74 | .65–4.68 | .26 |
| Reported weight loss | n = 171 | 3.78 | .49–29.3 | .12 |
| Shortness of breath | n = 146 | 1.69 | .54–5.24 | .34 |
| Ever smoked | n = 50 | .91 | .31–2.65 | .86 |
| Inpatient at enrollment | n = 15 | 3.00 | .75–12.00 | .15 |
| Bilateral chest signs | n = 30 | 1.97 | .66–5.91 | .24 |
| Continuous Variables (OR is for the increase or decrease stated) | ||||
| Duration of cough (per week) | 6 (1–56) | .99 | .94–1.04 | .71 |
| Performance status (0–4)a | 1 (0–4) | 1.60 | .98–2.61 | .07 |
| Reduced BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 18.5 (12.3–35.3) | 1.53 | 1.19–1.96 | <.001d |
| Increased temperature (per 1°C) | 37.4 (34–40.2) | .92 | .64–1.34 | .68 |
| Reduced O2 saturations (per 5% decrease) | 96 (60–100) | 1.72 | 1.09–2.71 | .01d |
| Increased respiratory rate (per 5 breaths/min) | 16 (2–48) | 1.82 | 1.16–2.85 | .01d |
| Increased pulse (per 10 beats/min)b | 105 (20–160) | 1.26 | 1.01–1.57 | .04d |
| Reduced systolic blood pressure (per 5 mm Hg) | 100 (60–160) | 1.28 | 1.00–1.64 | .04d |
| Disorientation (0–3: time, place, or person) | 3 (0–3) | 2.31 | .89–6.01 | .10 |
| Baseline Investigations | ||||
| Categorical Variables | ||||
| CD4 <200 (HIV-positive patients only)c | n = 64 | 3.67 | .98–13.70 | .03d |
| Sputum smear negative | n = 110 | 1.80 | .68–4.80 | .24 |
| Chest x-ray changes atypical for TB | n = 58 | 1.01 | .35–2.88 | .99 |
| Continuous Variables (presented for a unit increase or decrease unless otherwise stated) | ||||
| Reduced hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.9 (4.1–16.5) | 1.38 | 1.09–1.75 | .01d |
| Total white cell count (109/L) | 6.8 (1.3–21.7) | .85 | .69–1.04 | .08 |
| Monocyte count (109/L) | 0.6 (01–5.1) | .83 | .30–2.30 | .70 |
| Reduced platelet count (per 10 × 109/L) | 358 (18–928) | 1.04 | 1.01–1.08 | .01d |
| Number of zones involved on chest x-ray | 1 (0–6) | 1.33 | .93–1.90 | .10 |
NOTE. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio; TB, tuberculosis.
a
de Valliere S, Barker RD. Poor performance status is associated with early death in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006;100:681–6.
b
Not significant if patients lost to follow-up were considered to have suffered an adverse event.
c
Not included in multiple logistic regression as only relevant for HIV-positive patients.
d
Included in initial multivariate model.