Table 1.
Femoral histomorphometry of 10 day, 1, 3 and 6 month old male and female Grem1 null mice and wild type littermate controls.
| Males | 10 Day | 1 Month | 3 Month | 6 Month | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild Type | Grem1 null | Wild Type | Grem1 null | Wild Type | Grem1 null | Wild Type | Grem1 null | |
| Bone Volume/Tissue Volume (%) | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 6.1 ± 1.2* | 11.7 ± 1.4 | 12.7 ± 3.1 | 7.1 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 1.1 |
| Trabecular Separation (μm) | 452 ± 49 | 613 ± 120 | 226 ± 18 | 375 ± 65* | 142 ± 35 | 135 ± 34 | 345 ± 31 | 599 ± 126* |
| Trabecular Number (1/mm) | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.5* | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 8.0 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.3* |
| Trabecular Thickness (μm) | 13.1 ± 0.6 | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 22.3 ± 0.7 | 20.6 ± 1.8 | 16.5 ± 2.7 | 16.1 ± 2.0 | 24.7 ± 1.3 | 23.3 ± 2.2 |
| Osteoblast Surface/Bone Surface (%) | 13.9 ± 1.4 | 12.1 ± 2.3 | 16.7 ± 1.5 | 17.2 ± 3.2 | 10.3 ± 1.6 | 16.3 ± 2.9 | 9.4 ± 0.9 | 10.6 ± 1.7 |
| Number of Osteoblasts/Bone Perimeter (1/mm) | 14.8 ± 1.7 | 12.8 ± 2.6 | 15.5 ± 1.5 | 16.1 ± 3.0 | 19.5 ± 1.7 | 31.1 ± 4.9* | 11.2 ± 0.9 | 13.4 ± 1.8 |
| Number of Osteoblasts/Tissue Area (1/mm2) | 70 ± 11 | 60 ± 22 | 101 ± 11 | 77 ± 22 | 259 ± 46 | 391 ± 95 | 49 ± 5 | 40 ± 9 |
| Osteoclast Surface/Bone Surface (%) | 14.2 ± 1.2 | 15.5± 0.9 | 14.4 ± 0.9 | 13.8 ± 0.5 | 10.5 ± 0.4 | 10.7 ± 1.0 | 11.4 ± 1.2 | 11.3 ± 1.1 |
| Number of Osteoclasts/Bone Perimeter (1/mm) | 9.9 ± 0.9 | 10.5 ± 0.7 | 7.1 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 0.2 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 9.3 ± 1.4 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.6 |
| Number of Osteoclasts/Tissue Area (1/mm2) | 45 ± 5 | 50 ± 20 | 46 ± 3 | 29 ± 5* | 113 ± 19 | 130 ± 37 | 23 ± 3 | 16 ± 3 |
| Eroded Surface/Bone Surface (%) | 28.4 ± 2.1 | 29.5 ± 1.3 | 28.3 ± 1.3 | 25.8 ± 1.0 | 17.1 ± 0.7 | 18.2 ± 1.8 | 17.1 ± 1.8 | 17.6 ± 1.8 |
| Mineral Apposition Rate (μm/day) | 1.86 ± 0.06 | 1.87 ± 0.16 | 0.37 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 0.46 ± 0.03 | ||
| Mineralizing Surface/Bone Surface (%) | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 6.8 ± 1.1* | 12.7 ± 2.0 | 16.5 ± 2.2 | 9.2 ± 0.9 | 9.8 ± 1.7 | ||
| Bone Formation Rate (μm3/μm2/day) | 0.083 ± 0.010 | 0.130 ± 0.023* | 0.046 ± 0.007 | 0.064 ± 0.005 | 0.048 ± 0.005 | 0.046 ± 0.010 | ||
| Females | 10 Day | 1 Month | 3 Month | 6 Month | ||||
| Wild Type | Grem1 null | Wild Type | Grem1 null | Wild Type | Grem1 null | Wild Type | Grem1 null | |
| Bone Volume/Tissue Volume (%) | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 9.8 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 0.7* | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 10.7 ± 2.1* | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 1.1 |
| Trabecular Separation (μm) | 572 ± 40 | 735 ± 92 | 231 ± 19 | 666 ± 183* | 352 ± 23 | 320 ± 74 | 485 ± 46 | 553 ± 69 |
| Trabecular Number (1/mm) | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3* | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.3 |
| Trabecular Thickness (μm) | 11.7 ± 0.6 | 12.9 ± 0.8 | 23.5 ± 0.8 | 20.6 ± 1.2 | 21.9 ± 0.7 | 31.5 ± 2.3* | 24.4 ± 1.5 | 24.0 ± 2.0 |
| Osteoblast Surface/Bone Surface (%) | 11.8 ± 2.3 | 11.5 ± 3.0 | 17.5 ± 1.4 | 22.4 ± 2.5 | 16.9 ± 2.3 | 12.0 ± 2.8 | 10.5 ± 1.0 | 14.3± 2.4 |
| Number of Osteoblasts/Bone Perimeter (1/mm) | 12.7 ± 2.2 | 13.5 ± 3.5 | 15.8 ± 1.2 | 20.1 ± 2.3 | 16.3 ± 1.7 | 11.8 ± 3.1 | 12.9 ± 1.2 | 17.0 ± 2.5 |
| Number of Osteoblasts/Tissue Area (1/mm2) | 46 ± 9 | 36 ± 8 | 100 ± 9 | 65 ± 11* | 71 ± 10 | 57 ± 17 | 40.7 ± 4.0 | 47.1 ± 4.7 |
| Osteoclast Surface/Bone Surface (%) | 12.2 ± 1.2 | 13.3 ± 0.5 | 14.0 ± 0.7 | 14.7 ± 0.9 | 12.8 ± 0.8 | 10.6 ± 1.1 | 15 ± 2 | 14 ± 2 |
| Number of Osteoclasts/Bone Perimeter (1/mm) | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 6.9 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 0.7 |
| Number of Osteoclasts/Tissue Area (1/mm2) | 30.2 ± 1.7 | 26.3 ± 3.0 | 43 ± 4 | 22 ± 3* | 28 ± 2 | 26 ± 5 | 20.9 ± 0.9 | 18.1 ± 2.4 |
| Eroded Surface/Bone Surface (%) | 27.7 ± 2.3 | 26.7 ± 1.4 | 26.7 ± 1.5 | 27.8 ± 1.3 | 21.3 ± 1.5 | 16.5 ± 1.6 | 23 ± 3 | 21 ± 2 |
| Mineral Apposition Rate (μm/day) | 2.01 ± 0.10 | 1.84 ± 0.11 | 0.73 ± 0.08 | 1.12 ± 0.18 | 0.92 ± 0.52 | 0.75 ± 0.06 | ||
| Mineralizing Surface/Bone Surface (%) | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 9.5 ± 1.4* | 8.3 ± 0.8 | 18.6 ± 4.7* | 13.8 ± 2.5 | 11.9 ± 1.5 | ||
| Bone Formation Rate (μm3/μm2/day) | 0.113 ± 0.01 | 0.178 ± 0.031 | 0.062 ± 0.011 | 0.162 ± 0.041* | 0.128 ± 0.024 | 0.087 ± 0.009 | ||
Bone histomorphometry was performed on femurs from 10 day, 1, 3 and 6 month old male and female Grem1 null and wild type littermate controls. Values are means ± SEM; n = 4 to 12. Area measured for 10 day old control and experimental mice was 1.27 mm2 and for 1, 3 and 6 month old mice was 2.59 mm2.
*
Significantly different from controls p < 0.05 by unpaired t test.