Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression results for any prescription drug use, and physician visit during the survey year (entire sample size = 14,658)
| Any prescription drug use | Any physician visit | Any prescription drug use or physician visit | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Citizenship/nativity | |||||||||
| US-born citizens | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| US-naturalized citizens | 0.72 | 0.56 0.94 | ** | 0.97 | 0.77 1.22 | 0.72 | 0.54 0.96 | * | |
| Non-US citizens | 0.60 | 0.45 0.81 | *** | 0.80 | 0.63 1.02 | 0.63 | 0.46 0.85 | *** | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Caucasians | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Latinos | 0.73 | 0.60 0.89 | *** | 1.10 | 0.93 1.30 | 0.75 | 0.62 0.91 | *** | |
| African Americans | 0.45 | 0.37 0.55 | *** | 0.87 | 0.75 1.01 | 0.48 | 0.39 0.59 | *** | |
| Other races | 0.53 | 0.41 0.68 | *** | 0.87 | 0.70 1.08 | 0.56 | 0.43 0.72 | *** | |
| Age | |||||||||
| 18–24 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 25–34 | 1.44 | 1.14 1.83 | *** | 1.13 | 0.91 1.41 | 1.26 | 1.01 1.59 | * | |
| 35–44 | 1.82 | 1.48 2.25 | *** | 1.09 | 0.88 1.35 | 1.51 | 1.22 1.87 | *** | |
| 45–54 | 2.11 | 1.69 2.62 | *** | 1.02 | 0.83 1.26 | 1.81 | 1.46 2.25 | *** | |
| 55–64 | 2.14 | 1.69 2.72 | *** | 0.91 | 0.73 1.12 | 1.85 | 1.44 2.36 | *** | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Female | 1.18 | 1.08 1.30 | *** | 0.99 | 0.90 1.09 | 1.20 | 1.08 1.34 | *** | |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 1.27 | 1.11 1.44 | *** | 0.85 | 0.77 0.95 | *** | 1.18 | 1.03 1.35 | * |
| Health status | |||||||||
| Self-reported health | |||||||||
| Very good/excellent | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Fair/poor | 1.13 | 0.97 1.32 | 0.95 | 0.83 1.08 | 1.13 | 0.96 1.33 | |||
| Good | 1.05 | 0.92 1.20 | 0.89 | 0.80 1.00 | * | 1.01 | 0.89 1.16 | ||
| Self-reported mental health | |||||||||
| Very good/excellent | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Fair/poor | 1.29 | 1.11 1.50 | *** | 2.73 | 2.38 3.14 | *** | 1.51 | 1.28 1.79 | *** |
| Good | 1.15 | 1.02 1.31 | ** | 1.55 | 1.38 1.74 | *** | 1.26 | 1.11 1.44 | *** |
| Anxiety | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Depression | 0.88 | 0.80 0.97 | ** | 1.11 | 1.02 1.22 | ** | 0.79 | 0.71 0.89 | *** |
| ADL | 0.86 | 0.62 1.21 | 0.86 | 0.63 1.16 | 1.09 | 0.73 1.61 | |||
| IADL | 1.62 | 1.29 2.04 | *** | 1.21 | 0.97 1.52 | 1.57 | 1.18 2.09 | *** | |
| Diabetes | 0.96 | 0.79 1.15 | 1.11 | 0.95 1.31 | 1.22 | 0.98 1.53 | |||
| Hypertension | 1.32 | 1.17 1.49 | *** | 1.00 | 0.90 1.13 | 1.33 | 1.15 1.53 | *** | |
| Heart disease | 1.20 | 1.02 1.41 | * | 1.08 | 0.94 1.23 | 1.28 | 1.06 1.54 | ** | |
| Asthma | 1.07 | 0.94 1.22 | 1.01 | 0.90 1.14 | 1.06 | 0.92 1.22 | |||
| Education | |||||||||
| No high school degree | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| High school degree | 1.03 | 0.91 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.89 1.13 | 1.08 | 0.94 1.24 | |||
| College degree | 1.03 | 0.85 1.25 | 1.15 | 0.97 1.38 | 1.13 | 0.93 1.38 | |||
| Advanced degree | 0.95 | 0.79 1.13 | 1.10 | 0.94 1.29 | 1.04 | 0.86 1.25 | |||
| Family income below federal poverty level | |||||||||
| More than 200% FPL | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Less than 100% FPL | 0.91 | 0.78 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.87 1.16 | 0.88 | 0.75 1.03 | |||
| 100–200% FPL | 0.86 | 0.76 0.99 | ** | 0.96 | 0.84 1.10 | 0.83 | 0.72 0.96 | ** | |
| Having usual source of care | 2.86 | 2.47 3.31 | *** | 2.00 | 1.69 2.36 | *** | 2.93 | 2.50 3.43 | *** |
| Insurance | |||||||||
| Private health plan | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Uninsured | 0.59 | 0.51 0.69 | *** | 0.79 | 0.66 0.94 | ** | 0.55 | 0.47 0.64 | *** |
| Public health plan | 1.22 | 1.02 1.45 | * | 1.40 | 1.22 1.60 | *** | 1.29 | 1.09 1.53 | *** |
| Interview language | |||||||||
| English | 0.95 | 0.63 1.44 | 1.28 | 0.85 1.95 | 1.06 | 0.71 1.60 | |||
| Location | |||||||||
| MSA (urban) | 0.81 | 0.69 0.94 | ** | 1.14 | 1.01 1.29 | * | 0.88 | 0.74 1.05 | |
| US census region | |||||||||
| Northeast | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Midwest | 0.90 | 0.76 1.08 | 0.78 | 0.66 0.91 | *** | 0.76 | 0.62 0.95 | * | |
| South | 1.26 | 1.05 1.50 | ** | 0.85 | 0.71 1.01 | 1.08 | 0.87 1.33 | ||
| West | 0.87 | 0.72 1.04 | 0.79 | 0.66 0.93 | ** | 0.76 | 0.62 0.94 | ** | |
| Year dummy | |||||||||
| 2002 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 2003 | 0.97 | 0.85 1.10 | 0.99 | 0.87 1.13 | ** | 0.99 | 0.85 1.16 | ||
| 2004 | 1.05 | 0.92 1.19 | 0.94 | 0.82 1.07 | *** | 1.02 | 0.88 1.18 | ||
| 2005 | 1.09 | 0.94 1.26 | 0.96 | 0.82 1.12 | ** | 1.07 | 0.89 1.27 | ||
| 2006 | 1.06 | 0.90 1.24 | 0.92 | 0.80 1.06 | *** | 1.09 | 0.91 1.31 | ||
| R 2 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.12 | ||||||
* 0.01 ≤ P < 0.05; ** 0.001 ≤ P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001