Table 3.

Multivariate Regression Analyses with Intensity (Visits/Week) of Nursing, Physical Therapy (PT), Home Health Aide (HHA), and All Clinical Staff Combined as Dependent Variables^*

Independent Variable	b (Standard Error) P-Value
Independent Variable	Nursing Intensity^† n = 9,098		Physical Therapy Intensity^†, ^‡ n = 3,425		Home Health Aide Intensity^†, ^‡ n = 1,873		All Clinical Staff Intensity^‡ n = 9,167
Predisposing characteristics
African American	−0.273 (0.060)	<.001	−0.093 (0.037)	.01	0.081 (0.078)	.30	−0.316 (0.072)	<.001
Asian	0.401 (0.152)	.008	0.069 (0.099)	.49	−0.001 (0.263)	>.99	0.233 (0.182)	.20
Hispanic	0.197 (0.080)	.01	−0.118 (0.054)	.03	0.511 (0.118)	<.001	−0.051 (0.095)	.59
Male	0.046 (0.050)	.36	−0.041 (0.031)	.19	−0.081 (0.069)	.24	−0.018 (0.060)	.77
Age
<65	0.137 (0.094)	.15	−0.212 (0.061)	.001	−0.095 (0.139)	.50	−0.145 (0.113)	.20
65–74	−0.095 (0.075)	.21	−0.094 (0.045)	.04	−0.078 (0.094)	.41	−0.212 (0.090)	.02
75–84	−0.072 (0.070)	.30	−0.072 (0.040)	.07	−0.117 (0.083)	.16	−0.111 (0.084)	.19
Enabling characteristics
Living alone	0.036 (0.053)	.49	−0.116 (0.034)	.001	0.177 (0.073)	.01	0.183 (0.063)	.004
Medicaid eligible	−0.050 (0.061)	.41	−0.020 (0.041)	.64	0.329 (0.084)	<.001	−0.165 (0.073)	.02
Nonmetropolitan residence	−0.288 (0.063)	<.001	−0.108 (0.042)	.01	0.099 (0.078)	.20	−0.418 (0.075)	<.001
Need characteristics
Diabetes mellitus severity	0.005 (0.037)	.89	−0.085 (0.023)	<.001	−0.069 (0.048)	.15	−0.104 (0.044)	.02
Number of comorbidities	−0.127 (0.017)	<.001	−0.014 (0.011)	.20	0.051 (0.023)	.02	0.006 (0.020)	.77
High risk of obesity	−0.036 (0.058)	.53	0.048 (0.035)	.17	0.038 (0.073)	.60	0.013 (0.069)	.85
Depressed mood	0.026 (0.056)	.64	−0.054 (0.034)	.10	−0.096 (0.071)	.18	0.120 (0.068)	.08
Cognitive impairment	0.089 (0.031)	.004	−0.084 (0.019)	<.001	0.011 (0.039)	.77	−0.047 (0.037)	.20
Short of breath	0.015 (0.022)	.48	−0.018 (0.013)	.17	0.035 (0.029)	.22	−0.008 (0.026)	.76
Open wounds	0.345 (0.052)	<.001	0.005 (0.031)	.87	−0.073 (0.067)	.28	0.386 (0.063)	<.001
Urinary incontinence	−0.104 (0.054)	.05	−0.057 (0.032)	.07	−0.016 (0.067)	.81	−0.041 (0.065)	.52
Activity of daily living index	−0.010 (0.022)	.66	0.034 (0.013)	.01	0.113 (0.029)	<.001	0.269 (0.026)	<.001
Instrumental activity of daily living index	0.003 (0.024)	.89	0.034 (0.016)	.03	−0.010 (0.038)	.80	0.070 (0.028)	.01
Geographic region
Northeast	−0.032 (0.076)	.67	−0.260 (0.046)	<.001	−0.278 (0.112)	.01	−0.320 (0.091)	<.001
Midwest	−0.317 (0.062)	<.001	−0.070 (0.038)	.06	−0.030 (0.086)	.73	−0.408 (0.075)	<.001
West	−0.257 (0.066)	<.001	−0.270 (0.041)	<.001	0.526 (0.088)	<.001	−0.233 (0.079)	.003

For the total study sample, mean number of nursing visits/week was 2.4 ± 2.2, mean number of PT visits/week for those with ≥1 visits was 1.4 ± 0.9, mean number of HHA visits/week for those with ≥1 visits was 1.8 ± 1.4, and mean number of visits/week from all clinical staff was 3.4 ± 2.3.

^†

Intensity = visits per week = (total number of visits in episode of care)/(length of episode of care in days) × 7.

^‡

Patients with ≥1 visits included in analysis.