Table 2.

Association between insufficient rest/sleep and any cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Categories of insufficient rest/sleep	No. at risk	No. with CVD	Age-, sex-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals)	Multivariable odds ratio (95% confidence intervals)
Whole cohort
0 days	133265	18561	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	144187	12014	0.93 (0.88–0.98)	0.99 (0.94–1.05)
14–29 days	55983	5920	1.46 (1.37–1.56)	1.34 (1.25–1.43)
30 days	38709	6149	2.25 (2.10–2.40)	1.72 (1.60–1.85)
P-trend			<0.0001	<0.0001
Whites
0 days	105491	15476	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	116983	9647	0.87 (0.82–0.91)	0.95 (0.90–1.00)
14–29 days	45077	4676	1.42 (1.33–1.52)	1.32 (1.24–1.41)
30 days	28879	4586	2.14 (1.99–2.29)	1.62 (1.51–1.74)
P-trend			<.0001	<.0001
Blacks
0 days	9806	1228	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	10690	1029	1.00 (0.83–1.21)	1.11 (0.92–1.34)
14–29 days	4180	522	1.54 (1.22–1.93)	1.49 (1.18–1.88)
30 days	3819	626	2.28 (1.82–2.84)	2.06 (1.63–2.59)
P-trend			<.0001	<.0001
Hispanic Americans
0 days	9516	801	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	8408	650	1.35 (1.06–1.72)	1.30 (1.02–1.65)
14–29 days	3247	319	1.70 (1.27–2.28)	1.49 (1.12–1.99)
30 days	3042	443	2.80 (2.12–3.69)	2.22 (1.69–2.90)
P-trend			<.0001	<.0001
Others
0 days	7146	854	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	7211	583	1.18 (0.92–1.52)	1.17 (0.91–1.51)
14–29 days	3094	346	2.01 (1.47–2.74)	1.71 (1.22–2.40)
30 days	2628	427	2.81 (2.10–3.77)	2.08 (1.54–2.81)
P-trend			<.0001	<.0001

*Adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), education categories (<high school, high school, and >high school), smoking (never, former, current), employment status (employed, unemployed, retired, and unable to work), heavy drinker (no, yes), body mass index categories (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m²), no regular exercise (yes, no); P-interaction for insufficient rest/sleep and race-ethnicity was .041.