Table 3.

Association between insufficient rest/sleep and diabetes mellitus.

Categories of insufficient rest/sleep	No. at risk	No. with diabetes	Age-, sex-adjusted Odds Ratio (95% confidence intervals)	Multivariable Odds Ratio (95% confidence intervals)
Whole cohort
0 days	133265	16993	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	144187	12964	0.95 (0.90–1.00)	1.03 (0.97–1.08)
14–29 days	55983	6058	1.26 (1.18–1.34)	1.20 (1.12–1.28)
30 days	38709	5674	1.75 (1.63–1.87)	1.42 (1.32–1.53)
P-trend			<.0001	<.0001
Whites
0 days	105491	12438	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	116983	9319	0.89 (0.84–0.94)	0.96 (0. 91–1.01)
14–29 days	45077	4425	1.25 (1.17–1.34)	1.15 (1.07–1.24)
30 days	28879	3897	1.75 (1.62–1.88)	1.37 (1.26–1.48)
P-trend			<.0001	<.0001
Blacks
0 days	9806	2060	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	10690	1748	0.98 (0.85–1.14)	1.04 (0.89–1.22)
14–29 days	4180	732	1.27 (1.05–1.55)	1.24 (1.01–1.52)
30 days	3819	749	1.24 (1.03–1.50)	1.11 (0.90–1.36)
P-trend			0.0033	0.1019
Hispanic Americans
0 days	9516	1291	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	8408	968	1.22 (1.01–1.47)	1.25 (1.03–1.51)
14–29 days	3247	476	1.58 (1.25–2.00)	1.49 (1.16–1.92)
30 days	3042	530	2.10 (1.65–2.69)	1.88 (1.46–2.42)
P-trend			<.0001	<.0001
Others
0 days	7146	1029	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1–13 days	7211	821	1.32 (1.04–1.67)	1.34 (1.05–1.72)
14-29 days	3094	372	1.32 (1.00–1.73)	1.11 (0.85–1.46)
30 days	2628	436	1.94 (1.47–2.56)	1.48 (1.10–2.00)
P-trend			<.0001	0.0206

*Adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), education categories (<high school, high school, >high school), smoking (never, former, current), employment status (employed, unemployed, retired, unable to work), heavy drinker (no, yes), body mass index categories (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m²), no regular exercise (yes, no); P-interaction for insufficient rest/sleep and race-ethnicity was <.001.