Table 3.
Studies outlining the effects of supplementing dietary linoleic acid levels (g/day) on changes in plasma/serum phospholipid arachidonic acid level
| Author, (reference) | Study design | Subjects | Diet length | LA source, amount supplemented (g/d) | Δ AA (%) change | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderson [44] | Parallel intervention | N = 8 | 3 months | Olive oil (0.2) | 8.46 (N.S.) | Olive oil supplement |
| N = 9 | Olive oil (0.2) | 9.05 (N.S.) | Provided LA for two different groups | |||
| Thies [45] | Randomized, double-blind, parallel intervention | N = 8 | 12 weeks | Oil blend (0.64) | 3.38 (N.S.) | Different oil blends were sources of LA |
| Placebo oil (0.9) | 5.25 (N.S.) | |||||
| Geppert [21] | Randomized double- blind parallel intervention | N = 20 | 8 weeks | Oil blend (0.86) | -7 (p < 0.05) | Blend palm, rapeseed and sunflower oil |
| Johansson [46] | Randomized, double-blind, crossover | N = 12 | 4 weeks | Sea buckthorn berry oil (0.90) | -2.2 (N.S.) | Sea buckthorn berry oil is 17.9% LA. |
| Kew [47] | Double-blind, parallel intervention | N = 42 | 4 weeks | Olive oil (0.92) | -13.04 (N.S.) | |
| Buckley [48] | Double-blind parallel intervention | N = 45 | 4 weeks | Olive oil (0.95) | -7.14 (N.S.) | |
| Yaqoob [34] | Randomized, double- blind parallel intervention | N = 8 per group | 12 weeks | Placebo (coconut/soybean oil) (1.0) | 20 (N.S.) | |
| Olive oil (1.2) | -2.1 (N.S.) | |||||
| Sunflower oil (6.95) | 16 (N.S.) | |||||
| Wallace [49] | Randomized, double- blind parallel intervention | N = 8 | 12 weeks | Oil blend (1.52) | -6.97 (N.S.) | |
| N = 8 | palm/soybean oil (1.7) | 2.43 (N.S.) | ||||
| Miles [27] | Randomized, double-blind parallel intervention | N = 8 | 12 weeks | Placebo (palm/sunflower oil) (2.07) | 2.19 (N.S.) | |
| Grimsgaard [20] | Double-blind, parallel intervention | N = 78 | 7weeks | Corn oil (2.24) | 3.1 (p < 0.05) | |
| Conquer [50] | Double-blind, parallel intervention | N = 24 | 42 days | Corn oil (2.39) | 1.12 (N.S.) | |
| Finnegan [51] | Double-blind, parallel intervention | N = 50 | 6 months | Safflower/sunflower (11.6) | 7.19 (N.S.) | Test oils provided as margarine and capsules |
Percent change (±) from baseline in AA that is significant is identified with (p < 0.05). Percent change (±) from baseline in AA that is not significant is denoted by N.S.
Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; DRI, Dietary Reference Intake; LA, linoleic acid