Table 1.
Sample characteristics of the study population at baseline by generations born in Mexico, Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, 1998–2008
| Generation in Mexico (number)a | All USA born | Grandparents | Grandparent | All Mexican |
| Numbers | 93 | 67 | 645 | 827 |
| Gender: women | 59.4 | 51.1 | 56.9 | 60.3 |
| Age at enrollment in years (M/SD) | 70.1 (7.7) | 68.2 (6.1) | 70.3 (6.2) | 71.2 (7.7) |
| Birth year (M/SD) | 1,928 (7.7) | 1,929 (6.3) | 1,928 (6.2) | 1,927 (7.7) |
| Participant SES covariates | ||||
| Education in years (M/SD) | 10.4 (5.3) | 11.1 (5.0) | 9.3 (4.8) | 5.0 (4.7) |
| Household income (<$1,500/month) | 51.1 | 41.9 | 48.1 | 79.5 |
| Major lifetime occupation: manual | 71.4 | 62.5 | 67.8 | 88.2 |
| Health insurance, yes | 100 | 95.3 | 97.0 | 83.7 |
| Childhood SES environmental variables | ||||
| Fathers education (<elementary school) | 56.7 | 64.98 | 71.8 | 68.9 |
| Mothers education (<elementary school) | 66.3 | 59.6 | 71.8 | 76.3 |
| Fathers occupation (manual) | 88.6 | 97.5 | 90.8 | 85.4 |
| Participants’ report of food deprivation in | 22.5 | 24.3 | 18.6 | 10.6 |
| Participants’ report of sibling mortality in | 41.0 | 44.2 | 45.9 | 53.6 |
| SES mobility trajectory | ||||
| Childhood SES (% low) | 54.6 | 67.2 | 72.0 | 71.9 |
| Adult SES (% low) | 55.8 | 46.7 | 58.7 | 89.5 |
| Cumulative SES disadvantage (0–9 items) | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.3 (1.7) | 5.7 (1.7) | 6.5 (1.5) |
| Cognitive performance | ||||
| Baseline cognitive scores: 3MSE errors | 8.1 (2.7) | 6.7 (2.3) | 7.5 (2.5) | 11.3 (2.4) |
| Number of assessments for 3MSE (median) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Baseline cognitive scores: SEVLT (No. of words) | 8.5 (3.1) | 9.1 (2.8) | 8.8 (2.9) | 8.2 (2.9) |
| Number of assessments for SEVLT (median) | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
| Health-related factors | ||||
| Diabetes at baseline (% present) | 42.1 | 32.8 | 35.8 | 63.9 |
| Treated with diabetic medication (%) | 70.6 | 66.3 | 64.4 | 60.0 |
| Stroke at baseline (% present) | 11.7 | 8.1 | 9.8 | 5.7 |
| Hypertension at baseline (% present) | 54.3 | 54.8 | 65.1 | 60.3 |
| Systolic blood pressure (M, SD in mm Hg) | 134.6 (19.7) | 136.6 (18.0) | 138.7 (19.27) | 138.8 (18.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (M, SD in mm Hg) | 75.4 (9.6) | 76.3 (9.3) | 75.9 (10.9) | 75.6 (10.7) |
Notes: SES = socioeconomic status; SEVLT = Spanish English Verbal Learning Test; 3MSE = modified Mini-Mental State Exam.
a
All comparisons are significant at p < .0001 except birth year and diastolic blood pressure (p = .33).