Table 2.

Estimates From the Piecewise Models of Cognitive Performance

Effect	Lexical decision time	Semantic decision time	Word recall	Story recall	Fact recall	Vocabulary	Self-reported health
Mean at age 75	49.38***	48.08***	51.59***	51.89***	48.13***	49.91***	50.76***
Change per decade ≤ age 75	0.46	0.06	−1.91*	0.29	−2.44**	−0.01	−4.39***
Change per decade > age 75	2.99	7.02*	−9.92***	−5.61***	−5.21***	−2.51*	−4.69***
σ2, age 75	41.01***	63.26***	60.28***	52.02***	66.51***	56.62***	39.22***
σ2, change ≤ age 75	0.44	6.15	7.88	7.95*	2.08	8.86*	5.74
σ2, change > 75	367.39***	793.51***	60.73***	14.54	18.64*	43.26***	14.22
Predictors of differences at age 75
Baseline age	0.15*	0.15*	−0.10	−0.28***	0.06	−0.23***	0.36***
Years of education	−0.25*	−0.43***	0.71***	0.82***	0.85***	1.09***	−0.19
Gender	−2.29**	0.71	−4.06***	−3.79***	5.31***	0.24	0.84
Attrition	1.70*	2.81***	−3.64***	−3.65***	−4.31***	−2.53***	−2.26**
Predictors of change prior to age 75
Baseline age	−0.09	−0.03	−0.13	−0.02	−0.05	0.02	−0.08
Years of education	−0.09	−0.06	0.03	0.09	0.18	0.11	−0.22*
Gender	−2.29**	−0.09	−0.51	−0.29	−0.29	−0.15	0.79
Attrition	0.05	0.69	−1.39	−0.84	−0.51	0.33	−0.43
Predictors of change after age 75
Baseline age	0.23	0.36	0.25	0.29*	−0.03	0.04	−0.01
Years of education	0.54	0.22	−0.45	−0.35	−0.35	−0.44*	0.00
Gender	2.05	−0.99	2.71	2.32	−0.61	−1.36	−1.04
Attrition	5.94*	1.83	−2.10	−3.46	−2.82	−2.06	0.45

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.