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. 2011 Jun 1;8(3):223–272. doi: 10.1513/pats.201012-071DW

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Copyright © 2011, American Thoracic Society

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Figure 4. — Schematic illustrating the range of in vitro immune-modulating effects described for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). DC = dendritic cell; HGF = hepatocyte growth factor; IDO = indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IFN-γ = interferon γ; Ig = Immunoglobulin; IL = Interleukin; IL-1RA = Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; Mac = Macrophage; NK = natural killer; PGE2 = prostaglandin E-2; SDF-1 = stem-cell derived factor 1; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β1 = transforming growth factor- β1; TLR = Toll-like receptor; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor. Reprinted with permission from Reference 412.