Fig. 1.

The Bae pathway is specifically induced by myricetin, sodium tungstate, and zinc. β-Galactosidase assays using a spy-lacZ transcriptional reporter were done in both a wild-type (TR530) and a ΔbaeR::Kn (SL100) background. This was done for 10 μg/ml myricetin (a), 5 mM sodium tungstate (b), 1 mM zinc (c), and 0.76% ethanol (d). Induction was done for 2 h after the cultures reached mid-log phase (final OD₆₀₀ = ∼0.7). **, P < 0.001 compared to uninduced cells. The error bars indicate standard deviations.