Fig. 8.
MTF-1 reduces ROS levels in parkin mutants and restores metal homeostasis. (A) park25/25 flies (NF) show high amounts of ROS. MTF-1 transgene expression or treatment with chelators of redox-active metals (BPS and BCS) reduces ROS levels. parkin heterozygous controls (park25/+) do not show significant differences in ROS levels with or without MTF-1 overexpression or dietary supplementation with metal chelators. The MTF-1 knockout shows the highest ROS level. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01 (chelator supplemented compared to normal food for the same genotype [black asterisks] or compared to the same treatment between genotypes [red asterisks]). (B) Elevated MTF-1 expression in a parkin mutant background restores normal basal levels of the essential trace metals copper, iron, and zinc when flies are raised on NF (normal food). (C) Differences in metal content between control, park25/25, and tub-MTF-1, park25/25 flies are largely leveled out by metal supplementation of the food.