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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 11.
Published in final edited form as: Partner Abuse. 2010;1(4):379–398. doi: 10.1891/1946-6560.1.4.379

Figure 2. Means for male partners’ physical violence perpetration at Wave 1 by IPV pattern and women’s ethnicity.

Figure 2

Note. NV = nonviolent; FPP = female primary perpetrator; SYM = symmetrical; MPP = male primary perpetrator; UF = unidirectional-female perpetrator; UM = unidirectional-male perpetrator. Means for partners’ violence, by definition, were zero in the NV and UF groups.