. 2010 Aug;23(4):243–252. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2009.0775

Table 1.

Biomarkers in Clinical Trials of Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pathobiology	Biomarker	Abnormality in ALI/ARDS	Organ failure-free days	Ventilator-free days	Mortality
Endothelium	VWF	Increased	Reduced^(31,32)	Reduced^(31–33)	Predictive^(31–33)
Endothelium and epithelium	ICAM-1	Increased	Reduced⁽³⁶⁾	Reduced^(34,36)	Predictive^(34–36)
	SP-D	Increased	Reduced⁽⁵¹⁾	Reduced⁽⁵¹⁾	Predictive⁽⁵¹⁾
	RAGE	Increased	Reduced^a⁽⁵³⁾	Reduced^a⁽⁵³⁾	Predictive^a⁽⁵³⁾
Inflammation	IL-6	Increased	Reduced⁽²⁵⁾	Reduced⁽²⁵⁾	Predictive^(24,25)
	IL-8	Increased	Reduced⁽²⁵⁾	Reduced⁽²⁵⁾	Predictive^(24,25)
Coagulation	Protein C	Decreased	Reduced⁽²⁹⁾	Reduced⁽²⁹⁾	Predictive⁽²⁹⁾
	PAI-1	Increased	Reduced⁽²⁹⁾	Reduced⁽²⁹⁾	Predictive⁽²⁹⁾

Notes: VWF, von Willebrand factor antigen; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule; SP-D, surfactant protein D; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end-products; IL-6, IL-8, interleukins-6, -8; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

^{^a}

Outcomes associated with high-tidal volume cohort only.