Table 2.
Selected Results of Clinical Trials of Pharmacologic Treatment for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
| Treatment | Year | Type of Study | No. of Patients | Findings | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucocorticoids (acute phase) | 1987 | Phase 3 | 99 | No benefit | Bernard et al.(90) |
| Glucocorticoids (acute phase) | 1988 | Phase 3 | 75 | No benefit | Luce et al.(91) |
| Surfactant | 1996 | Phase 3 | 725 | No benefit | Anzueto et al.(92) |
| N-acetylcysteine | 1997 | Phase 2 | 42 | No benefit | Domenighetti et al.(93) |
| Glucocorticoids (late phase) | 1998 | Phase 3 | 24 | Decreased mortality | Meduri et al.(94) |
| Inhaled nitric oxide | 1998 | Phase 2 | 177 | No benefit | Dellinger et al.(95) |
| Inhaled nitric oxide | 1999 | Phase 3 | 203 | No benefit | Payen et al.(96) |
| Liposomal PGE 1 (high dose) | 1999 | Phase 3 | 350 | No benefit | Abraham et al.(97) |
| Ketoconazole | 2000 | Phase 2 | 234 | No benefit | NIH ARDS Network(98) |
| Liposomal PGE 1 (low dose) | 2001 | Phase 3 | 102 | No benefit | Vincent et al.(99) |
| Lisofylline | 2002 | Phase 2-3 | 235 | Stopped for futility | NIH ARDS Network(100) |
| Glucocorticoids (late phase) | 2005 | Phase 3 | 180 | No benefit | Steinberg et al.(101) |
| Salbutamol IV | 2006 | Phase 2 | 40 | Reduced EVLW, improved survival trend | Perkins et al.(70) |
| Procysteine | 2008 | Phase 3 | 215 | Stopped for futility | Morris et al.(102) |
| Activated Protein C | 2008 | Phase 2 | 75 | Stopped for futility | Liu et al.(103) |
| Inhaled Albuterol | 2008 | Phase 3 | 279 | Stopped for futility | ARDS network: unpublished data |