| Endpoint (EPT) | Relative risks (RR) ET: estrogen therapy, EPT: estrogen-progestin therapy | Absolute risks (AR) | Number needed to harm (+NNH)/number needed to treat (−NNT) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot flushes | OR 0.13 (95% CI 0.07–0.23) | n/a | n/a |
| Recurrent urinary tract infections | Vaginal ET (2 studies): | n/a | n/a |
| RR 0.25 (95% CI 0.13–0.30) | |||
| RR 0.64 (95% CI 0.47–0.86) | |||
| Coronary heart disease | ET: myocardial infarction and coronary death: HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.75–1.12) | −5 events/10,000 women/year of use (corresponding to 49 events [hormone group] versus 54 events [placebo group]; statistically not significant) | |
| After myocardial infarction: HR 0.99 (95% CI 0.70–1.41) | |||
| EPT: HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.00–1.54) | +6 events/10,000 women/year of use (39 events [hormone group] versus 33 events [placebo group]) | +1,667 | |
| Stroke | ET: cerebrovascular accident: HR 1.39 (95% CI 1.10–1.77) | +12 events/10,000 women/year of use (44 events [hormone group] versus 32 events [placebo group]) | +833 |
| EPT: ischaemic stroke: HR: 1.44 (95% CI 1.09–1.90) | +8 events/10,000 women/year of use (26 events [hormone group] versus 18 events [placebo group]) | +1,250 | |
| Haemorrhagic stroke: HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.43–1.56) | +0 events/10,000 women/year of use (4 events [hormone group] versus 4 events [placebo group]) | ||
| Thromboembolic events | ET: HR 1.47 (95% CI adjusted 0.87–2.47) | +6 events/10,000 women/year of use (21 events [hormone group] versus 15 events [placebo group]) | +1,667 |
| EPT: HR 2.06 (95% CI adjusted 1.57–2.70) | +17 events/10,000 women/year of use (35 events [hormone group] versus 17 events [placebo group]) | +588 | |
| Dementia | EPT: RR 1.97 (95% CI 1.16–3.33) | +23 events/10,000 women/year of use (45 events [hormone group] versus 22 events [placebo group]) | +435 |
| Fractures | EPT: femoral neck fractures: HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.45–0.98) | −5 events/10,000 women/year of use (10 fractures [hormone group] versus 15 fractures [placebo group]) | –2,000 |
| Vertebral body fractures: HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.44–0.98) | −6 events/10,000 women/year of use (9 fractures [hormone group] versus 15 fractures [placebo group]) | –1,667 | |
| Total rate of fractures: HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.85) | −44 events/10,000 women/year of use (147 fractures [hormone group] versus 191 fractures [placebo group]) | –227 | |
| ET: fractures of the proximal femur: HR 0.61 (95% CI 0.41–0.91) | −6 events/10,000 women/year of use (11 fractures [hormone group] versus 17 fractures [placebo group]) | –1,667 | |
| Vertebral body fractures: HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.42–0.93) | −6 events/10,000 women/year of use (11 [hormone group] versus 17 fractures [placebo group]) | −1,667 | |
| Total rate of fractures: HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.63–0.79) | −56 events/10,000 women/year of use (139 fractures [hormone group] versus 195 fractures [placebo group]) | −179 | |
| Gall duct disease (any) | ET: HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.35–2.06) | +31 events/10,000 women/year of use (78 events [hormone group] versus 47 events [placebo group]) | +323 |
| EPT: HR 1.59 (95% CI 1.28–1.97) | +20 events/10,000 women/year of use (55 [hormone group] versus 35 events [placebo group]) | +500 | |
| Breast cancer | EPT: RR 1.26 (95% CI 1.00–1.59) | +8 breast cancers/10,000 women/year of use (38 events [hormone group] versus 30 events [placebo group]) | +1,250 |
| ET: RR 0.77 (95% CI 0.59–1.01) | −7 breast cancers/10,000 women/year of use (statistically non-significant) | ||
| Ovarian cancer | EPT: RR 1.11 (95% CI 1.020–1.207) | ||
| ET: RR 1.284 (95% CI 1.178–1.399) | |||
| Colorectal cancer | EPT: HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.43–0.92) | −6 colorectal carcinomas/10,000 women/year of use (10 events [hormone group] versus 16 events [placebo group]) | −1,667 |
| ET: HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.75–1.55) | +1 colorectal carcinoma/ 10,000 women/year of use (statistically non-significant) | ||
| After breast cancer | EPT: HR 2.4 (95% CI 1.3–4.2) |
For references, see the chapter “Risk Communication” in the long version