Table 1.
Comparison between patients with incidental gallbladder cancer and disseminated disease based on type of re-exploration
| All patients | Open procedure group | Laparoscopy group | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | 0.1 | |||
| Female | 11 (57.9) | 7 (77.8) | 4 (40.0) | |
| Male | 8 (42.1) | 2 (22.2) | 6 (60.0) | |
| Age, years, median (range) | 63 (40–90) | 61 (40–77) | 66 (56–90) | 0.3 |
| Reason for cholecystectomy, n (%) | 1 | |||
| Abdominal pain | 18 (94.7) | 9 (100) | 9 (90.0) | |
| Wall thickening | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | |
| Abdominal ultrasound findings, n (%) | 0.5 | |||
| Gallstones | 9 (47.4) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (40.0) | |
| Wall thickening | 9 (47.4) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (50.0) | |
| Sludge | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | |
| Cholecystectomy, n (%) | ||||
| Acute cholecystitis | 14 (73.7) | 7 (77.8) | 7 (70.0) | 1 |
| Emergency surgery | 10 (52.6) | 3 (33.3) | 7 (70.0) | 0.1 |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | 0.5 | |||
| Laparoscopic | 10 (52.6) | 4 (44.4) | 6 (60.0) | |
| Laparoscopic converted to open | 8 (42.1) | 4 (44.4) | 4 (40.0) | |
| Open | 1 (5.3) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | |
| Disruption of gallbladder wall, n (%) | 10 (52.6) | 5 (55.6) | 5 (50.0) | 1 |
| Pathologic examination, n (%) | ||||
| T-stagea | 0.3 | |||
| T2 | 5 (26.3) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (40.0) | |
| T3 | 14 (74.7) | 8 (88.9) | 6 (60.0) | |
| Inflammation | 16 (84.2) | 9 (100) | 7 (70.0) | 0.2 |
| Gallstones associated | 18 (94.7) | 9 (100) | 9 (9.0) | 1 |
| Tumour type | 0.3 | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 16 (84.2) | 7 (77.8) | 9 (90.0) | |
| Adenosquamous | 1 (5.3) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | |
| Squamous | 1 (5.3) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | |
| Endocrine | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (1.0) | |
| Grade | 0.1 | |||
| Moderated | 5 (26.3) | 4 (44.4) | 1 (10.0) | |
| Poor | 14 (74.7) | 5 (55.6) | 9 (90.0) | |
| Lymph nodes status | 0.2 | |||
| Negative | 2 (10.5) | 2 (22.2) | 0 | |
| Positive | 5 (26.3) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (30.0) | |
| Unknown | 12 (63.2) | 5 (55.6) | 7 (70.0) | |
| Lymphovascular invasion (n = 18) | 11 (61.1) | 4 (50.0) | 7 (70.0) | 0.6 |
| Perineural invasion (n = 16) | 11 (68.8) | 4 (66.7) | 7 (70.0) | 1 |
| Positive cholecystectomy margin | 15 (78.9) | 8 (88.9) | 7 (70.0) | 0.5 |
| Liver | 6 (40.0) | 5 (62.5) | 1 (14.3) | 0.1 |
| Cystic duct | 6 (40.0) | 2 (25.0) | 4 (57.1) | 0.1 |
| Liver + cystic duct | 3 (20.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (28.6) | 0.1 |
| Preoperative imaging studies (staging), median (range) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 0.5 |
| Studies suggesting residual disease, median (range) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.2 |
| Time between surgeries, months, median (range) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–3) | 0.6 |
| Re-exploration | ||||
| Disseminated disease, n (%) | 19 (14.0) | 9 (10.0) | 10 (21.8) | 0.07 |
| Length of procedure, min, median (range) | 120 (60–480) | 120 (90–480) | 139 (60–186) | 0.6 |
| Blood loss, ml, median (range) | 50 (40–1200) | 50 (40–1200) | 50 (50–200) | 0.9 |
| Complications, n (%) | 3 (15.8) | 0 | 3 (30.0) | 1 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Wound infection, n | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Length of hospital stay, days, median (range) | 5 (1–12) | 4 (3–12) | 5 (1–9) | 0.8 |
| Definition of disseminated disease, n (%) | 0.08 | |||
| Carcinomatosis | 11 (57.9) | 5 (55.5) | 6 (60.0) | |
| Liver metastases | 3 (15.8) | 0 | 3 (30.0) | |
| N3 disease | 5 (26.3) | 4 (44.4) | 1 (10.0) | |
a
None of the patients with T1b tumours had disseminated disease.