Table A1.
Studies that met inclusion criteria.
| Sample | Age | Sex (%) | Diagnosis | Diagnostic criteria | Treatment resistant patients? | Min. no. of prior episodes | Criteria for defining relapse | Stringency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anton et al. (1994) | NR | NR | MDD | DSM-III-R | No | 0 | Clinical judgment | 1 |
| Bremner and Smith (1996) | NR | 75 | MDD | DSM-III | No | 0 | HRSD > 16 | 1 |
| Claghorn and Feighner (1993) | 41 | 28 | MDD | DSM-III | No | 0 | HRSD > 17 | 1 |
| Detke et al. (2004) | 44 | 74 | MDD | RDC | No | 0 | HRSD within 30% of entry score before medication | 1 |
| Entsuah et al. (1996) | 40 | 71 | MDD | DSM-III-R | No | 0 | CGI-S > 3 for 2 weeks | 2 |
| Montgomery et al. (1993) | 44 | 65 | MDD | DSM-III-R | Yes | 0 | MADRS > 21 | 1 |
| Montgomery et al. (1998) | 42 | 58 | MDD | DSM-III | No | 0 | HRSD > 15 | 1 |
| Hochstrasser et al. (2001) | 42 | 75 | MDD | DSM-IV | Yes | 2 | MADRS > 21 + confirm in 3–7 days | 2 |
| Klysner et al. (2002) | 75 | 72 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | MADRS > 21 + confirm in 3–7 days | 2 |
| Montgomery et al. (1993) | 44 | 65 | MDD | DSM-III-R | Yes | 0 | MADRS > 21 | 1 |
| Robert and Montgomery (1995) | 47 | 69 | MDD | DSM-III-R | No | 0 | MADRS > 24 + clinical judgment | 2 |
| Gorwood et al. (2007) | 72 | 79 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | MADRS > 21 or lack of efficacy | 1 |
| Terra and Montgomery (1998) | 45 | 78 | MDD | DSM-III-R | No | 2 | (Clinical judgment + 5 DSM-III-R symptoms) + confirm 8 days later | 4 |
| Emslie et al. (2008) | 12 | 36 | MDD | CDRS-R | No | 0 | (CDRS-R40 + worsening of symptoms for 2 weeks) or clinical judgment | 1 |
| Gilaberte et al. (2001) | 44 | 77 | MDD | DSM-III-R | No | 1 | DSM-III + ((HRSD > 17/CGI-S > 3) for 2 weeks) | 3 |
| McGrath et al. (2006) | 38 | 55 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | CGI-I > 2 for 2 weeks | 2 |
| Montgomery et al. (1988) | NR | NR | MDD | DSM-III | No | 1 | HRSD > 18 | 1 |
| Reimherr et al. (1998) | 41 | 77 | MDD | DSM-III-R | No | 0 | (DSM-III-R for 2 weeks) or (HRSD > 13 for 3 weeks) | 2 |
| Schmidt et al. (2000) | 42 | 64 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | DSM-IV + (CGI-S > 3 for 2 weeks) | 3 |
| Dobson et al. (2008) | 39 | 78 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | (HRSD > 13 or PSR > 4) for 2 weeks | 2 |
| Montgomery and Dunbar (1993) | 48 | 78 | MDD | DSM-III-R (HRSD18) | No | 2 | CGI-S > 3 or DSM-III-R (without 2 week duration) or clinical judgment or 2 point increase in CGI-S score since prior assessment or depressive symptoms for longer than 7 days | 1 |
| Cheung et al. (2008) | 16 | 78 | MDD | SADS | No | 0 | Clinical judgment | 1 |
| Doogan and Caillard (1992) | 51 | 69 | MDD | RDC | No | 0 | CGI-S > 3 | 1 |
| Kamijima et al. (2006) | 38 | 63 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | (HRSD > 14 + CGI-I > 3) for 2 weeks | 4 |
| Keller et al. (1998) | 42 | 69 | MDD | DSM-III-R | Yes | 0 | [DSM-III for 3 weeks + CGI-S > 3 + CGI-I > 2 + HRSD (4 points greater than maintenance score)], each confirmed again 1 week later) + confirmed by PI | 11 |
| Lustman et al. (2006) | 55 | 62 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | (BDI > 9 for 2 weeks or BDI > 15) + DSM-IV | 2 |
| Wilson et al. (2003) | 77 | 75 | MDD | DSM-III-R | No | 0 | DSM-III-R + HRSD > 12 | 2 |
| Perahia et al. (2006) | 45 | 78 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 1 | CGI-S > 3 + (MINI for 2 weeks) | 3 |
| Perahia et al. (2009) | 48 | 75 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 2 | (DSM-IV + CGI-S > 3) for 2 weeks | 4 |
| Rickels et al. (2010) | 43 | 68 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | HRSD > 15 or CGI-I > 5 | 1 |
| Rouillon et al. (2000) | 45 | 68 | MDD | DSM-III-R | Yes | 1 | DSM-III-R + HRSD > 17 + need to treat | 3 |
| Kocsis et al. (2007) | 43 | 67 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 2 | (HRSD > 12 + HRSD score > than 50% of baseline score) for 2 visits + DSM-IV by senior investigator | 4 |
| Montgomery et al. (2004) | 44 | 67 | MDD | DSM-III-R | No | 1 | CGI-S > 3 | 1 |
| Simon et al. (2004) | 41 | 62 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | (DSM-IV + CGI-S > 3) or (CGI-S > 3 for 2 weeks) | 2 |
| Coppen et al. (1978) | 52 | 81 | Dep | MRC | Yes | 0 | Severe enough to be admitted to hospital | 1 |
| Klerman et al. (1974) | 38 | 100 | Dep | DSM-II | No | 0 | Clinical judgment | 1 |
| Stein et al. (1980) | 42 | 65 | MDD | Feighner and DSM-III | No | 0 | Worsening of symptoms for 3 weeks | 3 |
| van Praag and de Haan (1980) | 44 | 65 | Dep | RDC | Yes | 3 | CGI-I > 2 or HRSD > 20 | 1 |
| Kocsis et al. (1996) | 37 | 57 | MDD | DSM-III-R | Yes | 0 | (HRSD > 12 for 3 out of 4 weeks) or (HRSD > 12 for 1 week + urgent need for alternative treatment) | 2 |
| Stewart et al. (1997) | 39 | 57 | Mixed | DSM-III | Yes | 0 | CGI-I > 2 for 2 weeks | 2 |
| Alexopoulos et al. (2000) | 73 | 63 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | RDC + DSM-IV + HRSD > 16 | 3 |
| Georgotas et al. (1989) | 66 | 59 | MDD | RDC | No | 0 | RDC + HRSD > 16 | 2 |
| Reynolds et al. (1999) | 68 | 75 | MDD | SADS | No | 2 | RDC + confirmed by senior psychiatrist | 2 |
| Davidson and Raft (1984) | NR | 88 | UPD | Feighner | No | 0 | Clinical judgment or patient request or HRSD > 20 | 1 |
| Georgotas et al. (1989) | 64 | 50 | MDD | RDC | No | 0 | RDC + HRSD > 16 | 2 |
| Harrison et al. (1986) | NR | 83 | MDD | DSM-III | Yes | 0 | CGI-I > 2 for 2 weeks | 2 |
| Robinson et al. (1991) | 43 | 81 | MDD | DSM-III | No | 1 | (Depressive syndrome + confirmed by second therapist) for 2 weeks | 4 |
| Stewart et al. (1997) | 39 | 57 | Mixed | DSM-III | Yes | 0 | CGI-I > 2 for 2 weeks | 2 |
| Amsterdam and Bodkin (2006) | 43 | 69 | MDD | DSM-IV | No | 0 | (HRSD > 13 + CGI-S > 2 + CGI score must have increased 2 points from baseline score + DSM-IV) for 2 weeks |