Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Risks for the Diagnosis for PAD Based on Based on Biomarkers. (Data expressed as odds ratio, (95% confidence interval)

Marker	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
β2M	6.1* (3.0 -12.2)	3.2† (1.5-6.9)	5.7* (2.8-11.6)	5.4* (2.6-11.0)	2.5§ (1.1-5.5)
Cystatin C	5.6* (2.9-10.8)	3.1* (1.5-6.2)	5.3* (2.7-10.3)	5.3* (2.7-10.3)	2.6† (1.3-5.4)
hsCRP	2.2† (1.2-3.8)	2.8* (1.5-5.3)	2.3† (1.3-4.0)	1.9† (1.0-3.3)	2.6† (1.3-4.9)
Glucose	3.4* (1.9-6.0)	1.5* (0.8-2.7)	2.3§ (1.2-4.2)	3.3* (1.8-5.8)	1.8§ (0.9-3.5)
β2M + hsCRP	3.2† (1.9-5.6)	4.1† (2.3-7.5)	3.1† (1.8-5.4)	2.9§ (1.6-5.0)	3.6§ (1.9-6.8)
β2M + Cystatin C	5.9* (3.3-10.4)	4.1† (2.3-7.5)	5.6* (3.1-10.0)	5.6* (3.1-10.0)	3.5§ (1.9-6.7)
β2M + Glucose	5.7* (3.2-10.1)	5.7* (3.1-10.5)	3.9* (2.1-7.2)	5.5* (3.1-10.0)	3.6§ (1.8-7.1)
hsCRP + Cystatin C	6.9* (3.8-12.4)	6.7* (3.6-12.6)	6.6* (3.6-12.2)	6.2* (3.3-11.4)	6.1* (3.1-12.0)
hsCRP + Glucose	5.9* (3.3-10.4)	6.3* (3.4-11.5)	4.3† (2.4-7.9)	5.5† (3.0-9.9)	4.1§ (2.1-7.9)
Cystatin C + Glucose	6.8* (3.8-12.1)	6.3* (3.4-11.6)	4.9* (2.6-9.1)	6.4* (3.5-11.6)	3.9§ (2.0-7.8)
β2M + hsCRP + Cystatin C	6.8* (3.8-12.1)	5.2* (2.8-9.5)	6.7* (3.7-12.2)	6.1* (3.4-11.1)	4.6* (2.4-8.8)
β2M + hsCRP + Glucose	5.6* (3.2-9.9)	6.4* (3.5-11.8)	4.1† (2.3-7.5)	5.2† (2.9-9.3)	4.2§ (2.2-8.3)
hsCRP + Cystatin C + Glucose	6.8* (3.8-12.1)	6.9* (3.7-12.8)	5.0* (2.7-9.3)	6.2* (3.4-11.3)	4.5§ (2.3-8.8)
β2M +Cystatin C + Glucose	10.8* (5.9-20.1)	8.4* (4.4-15.9)	8.4* (4.4-16.0)	10.0* (5.4-18.9)	5.4* (2.7-10.8)
β2M + hsCRP + Cystatin C + Glucose	12.4* (6.6-23.5)	11.7* (6.0-22.6)	9.4* (4.8-18.2)	11.2* (5.9-21.4)	7.3* (3.6-14.9)

Model 1: Unadjusted

Model 2: Adjusted for age

Model 3: Adjusted for diabetes status

Model 4: Adjusted for smoking

Model 5: Adjusted for age, diabetes, smoking

^*p < 0.001

^†p < 0.01

^§p < 0.05