. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Infant Behav Dev. 2011 Apr 7;34(3):390–406. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.02.002

Table 1.

Prevalence Rates of Risk Factors for Each Site-Ethnicity Group

Risk factor	Group			p-value¹
	PA Caucasian	NC Caucasian	NC AA
	(N = 457)	(N = 209)	(N = 381)
Mother has no partner or spouse	.166	.110	.588	^***
Mother is unmarried	.370	.249	.717	^***
Mother had first child at age 19 or younger	.306	.316	.522	^***
Mother has no high school diploma or GED	.147	.177	.218	^*
Mother is poor reader	.118	.129	.291	^***
Household income-to-needs below 1.5	.355	.368	.711	^***
4 or more children under 18 in household	.099	.096	.155	^*
Child exposed to prenatal smoking	.300	.258	.160	^***
Mother has depression/mood disorder	.289	.129	.068	^***

⁺

p<.10,

p<.05,

^**

p<.01,

^***

p<.001

P-value based on chi-square test of independence between each risk factor and site-ethnicity group.

Note. AA = African American.