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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Res Adolesc. 2011 Jun;21(2):376–394. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00676.x

Table 1.

Measures

Variable (min/max) Variable Description
Intimate partner Violence Exposure Measures
IPV Exposure (0=no; 1=yes) Adolescent and/or parent self-reports. Mother-to-father or father-to-mother physically violent (hit, push, or kick), threatened physical harm, or destroyed something. Dichotomized: “Never” coded as 0; “rarely,” “sometimes,” or “often” coded as 1.
Adolescent Outcomes
Violence (0 – 5) Adolescent self-report. Have perpetrated how many of the following acts: gang fight; hitting one’s parents; hitting co-workers, supervisor, or other persons; forced sex; or robbery. Continuous.
Victimization (0=no; 1=yes) Adolescent self-report. How many times in the past year have experienced: property taken by force; sexually attacked or pressured into sex against one’s will; beaten by person other than parents. Dichotomized: any victimization or no victimization.
Runaway (0=no; 1=yes) Adolescent self-report. Whether ran away from home before age 18 years. Dichotomized.
Depression (0 – 43.0) Adolescent self-report. Beck et al. (1979) Depression Inventory. Continuous.
High School Dropout (0=no; 1=yes) Adolescent self-report. Whether dropped out of high school. Dichotomized.
Teen Pregnancy (0=no; 1=yes) Adolescent self-report. Whether became pregnant or got a girl pregnant. Dichotomized.
Moderators
Responsive and Accepting Parenting (−2.04 – 1.16) Adolescent self-report of parenting. Ten items e.g., “My parents respect my feelings,” “My parents accept me as I am”.
Standardized alpha = .85. Continuous scale.
Controlling Parenting (−1.49 – 1.62) Adolescent self-report of parenting. Seven items e.g., “It is difficult to get a rule changed in our family,” “Each family member has input in major family decisions” (reverse coded).
Standardized alpha =.74. Continuous scale.
Peer Trust (1 – 5) Adolescent self-report. Subscale of Armsden & Greenberg (1987) Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment.
Standardized alpha =.88. Continuous scale.
Peer Communication (1 – 5) Adolescent self-report. Subscale of Armsden & Greenberg (1987) Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment.
Standardized alpha =.88. Continuous scale.
Peer Alienation (1 – 4.57) Adolescent self-report. Subscale of Armsden & Greenberg (1987) Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment.
Standardized alpha =.75. Continuous scale.
Control Variables
Child abuse (0=no; 1=yes) Composite variable: (a) official records of substantiated abuse cases; (b) mothers’ reports of their severe physical disciplining of their preschool and school-age children; and (c) adolescents’ retrospective reports of those same discipline practices. Dichotimized.
Early Behavior Problems (1.00 – 2.86) Teacher report of child behavior (school-age) using Child Behavior Check List scale. Items: e.g., aggression, cruelty, disobedience. α =.89. Continuous scale.
Gender (0=female; 1=male) Adolescent self-report. Dichotomized.
Race (0= racial/ethnic minority; 1=white) Adolescent self-report. Dichotomized.
SES (−1.36 – 2.29) Parent self-report. Composite variable: Includes family income during preschool period, mother’s occupational status and education level, and total number of rooms in family’s house. Continuous.
Age (14 – 23) Adolescent self-report. “So, that makes you how old now?” Continuous.