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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2011 Mar 31;4(4):477–492. doi: 10.1007/s12265-011-9275-1

Fig. 14.

Fig. 14

Time-resolved 4D phase contrast (PC) MRI of blood flow velocity (BFV) and wall shear stress (WSS) in the human and mouse aorta. (A) Visualization of systolic 3D blood flow in the human aorta demonstrates heterogeneity in BFV. Assessment of WSS was performed along 8 analysis planes (white lines) normal to the direction of blood flow in the ascending aorta (AAo), the aortic arch (arch), and the descending aorta (DAo). (B) Average measurements of the magnitude of WSS in healthy volunteers and patients with acute retinal or cerebral ischemia demonstrate a correlation between decreased WSS beginning at the aortic arch and plaque size. (C) 3D map of peak-systolic WSS measurements along the aortic arch in a mouse demonstrate higher WSS values near the outer radius and lower WSS values near the inner radius. Figure A,B reprinted with permission from [134] Harloff et al. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2010; 63:1529–1536. Figure C reprinted with permission from [136] Janiczek et al. Proceedings of the ISMRM. 2009; 17:3857