Table 1.
Molecules significantly regulated by lithium reported in at least two studies
| Group 1 | Expression/enzyme activity/fold change, organism/cell line |
|---|---|
| AKT1 (PKB) | ↑enzyme activity: rat cerebellar granule cells,19 rat cortex,20 mouse proximal tubular cells;21 ↑protein: human Huh7 cells;22 ↓protein: human Hep40 cells22 ↓protein & transcript: bovine adrenal chromaffin cells23 |
| ALDH1A3 (ALDH6) | ↓transcript = 0.63, human T/C28a cells;38 ↓protein = 0.62, rat kidney44 |
| ATF4 | ↑transcript:1.643, human HepG2 cells;39 1.83, T/C28a cells;38 1.503, mouse brain41 |
| BCL2 | ↑transcript: rat cerebellar cells;25 rat frontal cortex;26 mouse retinal ganglion cells;27 chick cochlear magnocellularis neurons28 |
| BDNF | ↑transcript: rat frontal cortex;29,30 rat hippocampus;31 rat cortical neurons;32 ↓protein: FSL rat frontal cortex;34 ↑protein: FRL rat frontal cortex34 |
| CKB | ↑transcript = 2.2, sea urchin;6 ↑protein = 2.4, rat kidney44 |
| EZR | ↑transcript = 1.5, mouse brain;41 ↑protein = 2.2, rat kidney44 |
| GSK3B | ↓enzyme activity: multiple studies4,14 ↓transcript: rat hippocampal cells15 |
| HIST1H1C | ↓transcript: 0.56, human T/C28a cells;38 0.539, mouse brain41 |
| IMPA1 | ↑transcript: yeast;7 rat brain;17 mouse hippocampus18 |
| MAT2A | ↓transcript: rat brain36,39 |
| PPARGC1A | ↓transcript: human adipocytes;45 0.65, human neuroblastoma cells40 |
| PTGS2 | ↑transcript: 4.11, human T/C28a cells;38 1.855, mouse brain41 |
| PTPRK | ↑transcript: 1.53, rat cortical slices;37 2.23, human neuroblastoma cells40 |
| RGS4 | ↑transcript: 1.66, rat cortical slices;37 2.61, human T/C28a cells38 |
| SYN1 | ↑transcript, rat PC12 cells;46 ↑protein=2.11, rat prefrontal cortex43 |
| TM4SF1 | ↑transcript: 1.71, human T/C28a cells;38 1.876, mouse brain41 |
| TPM1 | ↓transcript: rat brain;36 ↓ protein=0.44, rat kidney44 |
| Group 2 (Group 1 + molecules below) | |
| CALM/CALM2 | ↓transcript = −2.2, rat brain;35 ↓protein = 0.62, rat kidney44 |
| CCNB2 | ↓transcript: yeast;7 0.69, human T/C28a cells38 |
| CRYAB | ↓transcript = 0.7, mouse brain;41 ↓protein = 0.62, rat kidney44 |
| ETFB | ↑transcript: nematode;5 ↑protein=2.7, rat kidney44 |
| MKI67IP | ↓transcript: rat brain;36 yeast7 |
| RCL1 | ↓transcript: rat brain;36 yeast7 |
| SLC3A1 | ↑transcript: yeast;7 nematode5 |