Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Participants
| Indicators | Cross-sectional sample |
Longitudinal sample |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| 108 Schools (n = 67,124) |
School A (n = 757) |
School B (n = 1,673) |
|
| Gender (% female) | 50.5 | 48.3 | 47.8 |
| Race (%) | |||
| White | 55.4 | 89.2 | 4.2 |
| African American | 15.4 | 0.3 | 9.2 |
| Hispanic | 15.2 | 2.8 | 40.3 |
| Asian American | 5.2 | 0.7 | 29.9 |
| Biracial | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.6 |
| Other | 2.5 | 2.4 | 1.3 |
| Age in years M(SE) | 14.90(1.74) | 15.73(1.20) | 16.09(1.04) |
| Parent education (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 7.5 | 4.0 | 13.5 |
| High school graduate | 26.3 | 36.6 | 18.9 |
| Some college | 15.3 | 20.3 | 15.5 |
| College degree or higher | 35.3 | 32.7 | 29.8 |
| GPA M(SE) | 0.64(0.27) | 0.56(0.27) | 0.60(0.26) |
| Problem Behavior M(SE) | 0.19(0.19) | 0.24(0.20) | 0.18(0.18) |
| Physical health M(SE) | 0.27(0.23) | 0.30(0.23) | 0.31(0.24) |
| Depression M(SE) | 0.23(0.21) | 0.25(0.23) | 0.22(0.21) |
| Activity participation (%) | |||
| Any activity | 75.6 | 78.7 | 63.5 |
| Sports | 52.2 | 60.5 | 46.3 |
| Arts | 26.5 | 25.1 | 9.3 |
| Academics | 31.6 | 28.0 | 24.8 |