Table 1:
Characteristics and vulnerabilities of participants of the Cedar Project Study who reported injection drug use at baseline and participants who did not
| Characteristic or vulnerability | No. (%)* | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Used injection drugs n = 335 |
Never used injection drugs n = 270 |
||
| Age at enrolment, yr, mean (SD) | 24.6 (3.7) | 22.2 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
| Interviewed in Vancouver |
n = 335 175 (52.2) |
n = 270 125 (46.3) |
0.15 |
| Female sex |
n = 335 189 (56.4) |
n = 270 103 (38.1) |
< 0.001 |
| Identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual or two-spirited |
n = 334 46 (13.8) |
n = 270 21 (7.8) |
0.02 |
| In a relationship |
n = 335 96 (28.7) |
n = 269 46 (17.1) |
0.001 |
| At least one parent attended residential school |
n = 332 167 (50.3) |
n = 269 111 (41.3) |
0.03 |
| Ever placed in foster care |
n = 335 215 (64.2) |
n = 270 176 (65.2) |
0.80 |
| Ever experienced sexual abuse |
n = 332 179 (53.9) |
n = 265 109 (41.1) |
0.002 |
| Sexual assault in the past 6 mo |
n = 335 18 (5.4) |
n = 270 7 (2.6) |
0.10 |
| Lived on the street for ≥ 3 nights |
n = 333 239 (71.8) |
n = 269 168 (61.7) |
0.01 |
| Ever denied shelter because of drug use |
n = 335 113 (33.7) |
n = 269 50 (18.6) |
< 0.001 |
| Ever incarcerated overnight or longer |
n = 334 248 (74.3) |
n = 147 147 (54.4) |
< 0.001 |
| Ever attempted suicide |
n = 334 136 (40.7) |
n = 270 88 (32.6) |
0.04 |
| Ever practised self harm |
n = 332 129 (38.9) |
n = 270 101 (37.4) |
0.72 |
| History of mental illness |
n = 334 112 (33.5) |
n = 268 70 (26.1) |
0.05 |
| Ever involved in sex work |
n = 335 180 (70.0) |
n = 268 77 (30.0) |
< 0.001 |
| History of sexually transmitted infection |
n = 335 163 (48.7) |
n = 270 84 (31.1) |
< 0.001 |
| Smoked marijuana in the past 6 mo |
n = 335 220 (65.7) |
n = 270 200 (74.1) |
0.03 |
| Smoked crack cocaine in the past 6 mo |
n = 335 301 (89.9) |
n = 270 241 (89.3) |
0.81 |
| Smoked heroin in the past 6 mo |
n = 335 107 (32.9) |
n = 270 33 (12.2) |
< 0.001 |
| Smoked methamphetamine in the past 6 mo |
n = 335 105 (31.3) |
n = 270 87 (32.2) |
0.82 |
| Tried to access treatment for drug abuse in the past 6 mo |
n = 334 59 (17.7) |
n = 270 33 (12.2) |
0.06 |
| Treatment with methadone in the past 6 mo |
n = 333 32 (9.6) |
n = 269 2 (0.7) |
< 0.001 |
| Presence of antibodies to HCV |
n = 311 181 (58.2) |
n = 257 8 (3.1) |
< 0.001 |
| Presence of antibodies to HIV |
n = 324 39 (12.0) |
n = 265 8 (17.0) |
< 0.001 |
Note: HCV = hepatitis C virus, SD = standard deviation.
*
Unless otherwise indicated.