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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biotechnol. 2010 Feb 14;28(3):249–255. doi: 10.1038/nbt.1606

Figure 1. Metabolic plasticity of human fibroblasts.

Figure 1

(a-b) Schematic representation of cellular energy metabolism pathways. (a) Cells grown in glucose rich media derive ATP from glycolysis as well as from glutamine-driven respiration. (b) Replacing glucose with galactose forces cells to generate ATP almost exclusively from glutamine-driven oxidative metabolism14. (TCA = Tricarboxylic Acid; ETC = Electron Transport Chain)

(c) Measurement of extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), a proxy for the rate of glycolysis, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a proxy for mitochondrial respiration, of fibroblasts grown in 10 mM glucose or 10 mM galactose containing media for three days. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n=5).