Table 1.

Proposed functions of IL-1 and IL-6 in OC.

Cytokine	Inflammatory fnction	Proposed function in ovarian cancer	Model	Ref.
IL-1α	Proinflammatory	(i) Stimulate angiogenesis	(i) In vitro/In vivo	[27]
		(ii) Recruit immunocompetent cells	(ii) In vitro/In vivo	[28–33]
		(iii) Increase platelet count	(iii) Phase I clinical trial	[34, 35]
IL-1β	Proinflammatory	(i) Increase expression of MMP-1	(i) In vitro	[36]
		(ii) Stimulate production of proangiogenic factors	(ii) In vitro	[37]
		(iii) Promote OC cell migration and invasion	(iii) In vitro	[38]
IL-1Ra	Anti-inflammatory	(i) Antagonist to IL-1α and IL-1β		[39]
		(ii) Abundant in the OC ascites	In vivo	[31, 40]
IL-6	Anti-inflammatory	(i) Promote OC cell proliferation	(i) In vitro	[41]
		(ii) Stimulate angiogenesis	(ii) In vitro/In vivo	[42]
		(iii) Enhance endothelial cell migration	(iii) In vitro/In vivo	[42]
		(iv) Increase OC cell lines capacity to secrete MMP-9	(iv) In vitro	[43]
		(v) Increase chemotactic and/or chemokinetic activity	(v) In vitro	[44]
		(vi) Increase invasiveness	(vi) In vitro	[44]
		(vii) Induce chemoresistance	(vii) In vitro/In vivo	[45–47]
		(viii) Increase platelet count	(viii) Phase I and II clinical trial	[48, 49]