Table 2.

Cytokine concentrations (pg/mL) in supernatants of PBMC cultures cocultured with living L₃ from Ancylostoma caninum. Cells were either separated from the L₃ by a membrane insert (cells/L₃) or were cultivated in direct contact with the parasites (cells+L₃). Values from hookworm-infected individuals (n = 7) and negative controls (n = 6) are compared and indicated as mean values ± standard errors. Significant differences between patient groups are indicated with an asterisk (*P < .01;   **P < .05).

	Group	Control	Cells/L3	Cells+L3
IL-1β	Hookworm	1,034 ± 239*	833 ± 149	1,161 ± 218
	Negative controls	27 ± 27*	424 ± 134	1,470 ± 494
IL-6	Hookworm	52,382 ± 14,323	8,703 ± 2,258*	12,124 ± 2,548*
	Negative controls	18,452 ± 4,400	62,750 ± 18,488*	59,185 ± 15,443*
TNF-α	Hookworm	3,630 ± 2,621**	351 ± 110*	404 ± 94*
	Negative controls	306 ± 114**	1,784 ± 362*	2,163 ± 221*
IL-10	Hookworm	63 ± 26	86 ± 48	37 ± 26
	Negative controls	0	18 ± 16	92 ± 31