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. 2009 May 20;18(7):1093–1108. doi: 10.1089/scd.2009.0113

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Copyright 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

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FIG. 2. — Bivalent chromatin domains, composed of activating (histone H3K4 trimethylation) and repressive (H3K27 trimethylation) histone tail modifications (indicated in gray) are a hallmark of developmentally regulated genes. Transcriptional repression of pro-differentiation genes is maintained in pluripotent stem cells by polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) 1 and 2. The core PCR2 includes the EZH2 H3K27 methyltransferase, SUZ12, and EED. However, HDAC1 and YY1 have been shown to interact with PRC2. PRC1 includes Bmi1, the Ring1A/B ubiquitin ligases, and mammalian homologs of Drosophila polyhomeotic (Ph) and polycomb (Pc). Transcriptional repression can be relieved by the combined actions of the JMJD3 and UTX H3K27 demethylases. DNA CpG methylation also contributes to the developmental regulation of gene expression. Individual CpG islands may be unmethylated (○), partially/hemi-methylated (), or fully methylated (•).

Inline graphic — Bivalent chromatin domains, composed of activating (histone H3K4 trimethylation) and repressive (H3K27 trimethylation) histone tail modifications (indicated in gray) are a hallmark of developmentally regulated genes. Transcriptional repression of pro-differentiation genes is maintained in pluripotent stem cells by polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) 1 and 2. The core PCR2 includes the EZH2 H3K27 methyltransferase, SUZ12, and EED. However, HDAC1 and YY1 have been shown to interact with PRC2. PRC1 includes Bmi1, the Ring1A/B ubiquitin ligases, and mammalian homologs of Drosophila polyhomeotic (Ph) and polycomb (Pc). Transcriptional repression can be relieved by the combined actions of the JMJD3 and UTX H3K27 demethylases. DNA CpG methylation also contributes to the developmental regulation of gene expression. Individual CpG islands may be unmethylated (○), partially/hemi-methylated (), or fully methylated (•).