Table 1.

Disorders associated with fragility fractures in children (not all-inclusive)

Primary conditions

Genetic disorders (selected)

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Marfan syndrome

Homocystinuria

Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome

Pycnodysostosis

Osteopetrosis

Hypophosphatasia

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Rickets (genetic forms)

Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis

Secondary conditions

Chronic inflammatory conditions

Systemic lupus erythematosis

Inflammatory bowel disease

Nephrotic syndrome

Reduced mobility

Cerebral palsy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Posttraumatic

Infiltrative

Leukemia

Thalassemia

Mastocytosis

Endocrine

Hypogonadism

GH deficiency

Cushing syndrome

Hyperthyroidism

Diabetes mellitus

Female athlete triad

Nutritional/malabsorptive

Vitamin D deficiency

Celiac disease

Biliary atresia

Cystic fibrosis

Anorexia nervosa

Renal

Chronic kidney disease

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Iatrogenic

Glucocorticoids

Anticonvulsants

Methotrexate

Radiation therapy

Antiretrovirals