FIG. 11.

Lysosome biogenesis and fusion to cell membrane to form LR platforms. ASMase is synthesized from the ER and transported through Golgi apparatus to lysosomes. These lysosomes can be mobilized to traffic and fuse into cell membrane, where ASMase is activated and ceramide produced, resulting in LRs clustering and formation of ceramide-enriched platforms. The insert presents an LR redox signaling platform or redox signalosome on cell membrane after lysosome fusion and activation of NADPH oxidase. (To see this illustration in color the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars).