Table 2.
Demographic Distribution of Participants Who Scored High vs Low in Prenatal Demoralizationa
| Predictor variable | Prenatal demoralization scores | P valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Highb (n = 81) | Low (n = 198) | ||
| Mother’s age at pregnancy (mean ± SD)d | 25.81 ± 4.78 | 25.37 ± 5.05 | .36 |
| Ethnicitye | .14 | ||
| Dominican | 27 (33) | 86 (43) | |
| African American | 54 (67) | 112 (57) | |
| Maternal educationf | |||
| Less than high school | 27 (33) | 67 (34) | .96g |
| High school diploma | 27 (33) | 53 (32) | .81g |
| Some college | 27 (33) | 68 (34) | |
| Positive for maternal history of asthmae | 28 (35) | 56 (28) | .32 |
| Maternal IgE > 100 IU IgE/mLe | 30 (37) | 51 (26) | .08 |
| Child exposed to secondhand smokee | 32 (40) | 73 (37) | .69 |
| Child of male sexe | 37 (46) | 94 (48) | .79 |
| Wheeze phenotypes at the age of 5 yearsf | |||
| Transient | 26 (32) | 50 (25) | .04g |
| Late onset | 8 (10) | 13 (7) | .09 |
| Persistent | 23 (28) | 44 (22) | .05 |
| Nonwheeze | 24 (30) | 91 (46) | |
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of participants unless otherwise specified.
b
High demoralization is a score greater than 1.55, as reported in the literature.31
c
P values compare high vs low scores on the prenatal demoralization scale.
d
P value assessed by Mann-Whitney test.
e
P value assessed via a Pearson χ2 test.
f
P value accessed via a nominal regression.
g
Reference group was having completed some college and no wheeze, respectively.