Table 4.
Prenatal Demoralization Predicted Childhood Wheeze Phenotypes in the First 5 Years of Life
| Predictor variable | OR (95% CI) for outcome of wheeze phenotypesa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transient | Late onset | Persistent | |
| Prenatal demoralization score | 2.25 (1.34–3.76) | 1.39 (0.61–3.17) | 2.69 (1.52–4.76) |
| Mother’s ageb | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) |
| Maternal ethnicity: African American vs Dominican | 0.46 (0.23–0.91) | 0.51 (0.17–1.53) | 1.06 (0.52–2.18) |
| Maternal educationb | |||
| Less than high school vs some college | 0.69 (0.31–1.54) | 0.89 (0.24–3.28) | 0.83 (0.36–1.92) |
| High school diploma vs some college | 0.86 (0.41–1.83) | 1.23 (0.38–3.99) | 0.61 (0.26–1.43) |
| Maternal history of asthma (yes/no) | 1.38 (0.64–2.94) | 3.62 (1.23–10.59) | 5.43 (2.52–11.68) |
| Maternal IgE (>100 vs ≤100 IU/mL)c | 0.86 (0.43–1.72) | 1.17 (0.42–3.29) | 0.63 (0.30–1.36) |
| Child exposed to secondhand smoke (yes/no) | 1.16 (0.59–2.27) | 1.37 (0.48–3.93) | 0.77 (0.37–1.64) |
| Child of male sex vs female | 1.53 (0.83–2.83) | 1.36 (0.52–3.61) | 3.62 (1.82–7.17) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
No report of wheeze was the reference group.
b
Maternal age and education were assessed at pregnancy.
c
For maternal IgE, a cut point of greater than 100 IU IgE/mL was used for analysis, as used previously.32