Table 1.

DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder items used in Factor Analytic and Item Response Modeling. Note: the recurrent legal problems criterion was eliminated from the analyses due to negligible prevalence)

Role failure: Failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home Hazardous use: recurrent use in physically hazardous situations Social problems: continued use despite social or interpersonal problems Tolerance: need for markedly increased amounts to achieve intoxication/desired effect or markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount Withdrawal Withdrawal syndrome: characteristic alcohol withdrawal syndrome Relief: the same/closely related substances taken to relieve/avoid withdrawal symptoms Larger/longer Larger amounts: drinking larger amounts than intended Longer duration: drinking over a longer period than intended Cut down/control Persistent desire: Persistent desire to cut down or quit drinking Unsuccessful efforts: Unsuccessful efforts to cut down or quit drinking Time spent: great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain, use, or recover from effects Give up activities: give up/reduce important social, occupational, or recreational activities Continued use despite problems Blackouts: three or more blackouts from drinking Psychological problems: continued use despite psychological problems caused/made worse by alcohol Physical problems: continued use despite physical problems caused/made worse by alcohol Memory problems: continued use despite memory problems caused/made worse by alcohol (does not include blackouts)