Figure 5.

ERK1/2 and p38 signaling required for earthworm-induced cell migration. RSC cells were transiently transfected with ERK1/2 siRNA (100 nM) or p38 MAPK siRNA (100 nM) for 8 h, then treated with 125 μg/ml earthworm extract for 24 h. After incubation with earthworm extract, migration was assayed using Boyden chambers ((a)–(d)). Cells that migrated through the membrane were counted using a counting grid fitted into a phase contrast microscope eyepiece. The results shown are the mean number of migrating cells per field performed in triplicate (e). After treatment with earthworm extract for 24 h to prepare protein lysates and following western blot assay using anti-pERK or p-p38 antibody (f). ^#### denote significant differences from untreated control values with P < .0001. **** denote significant differences from treated with earthworm extract only values with P < .0001.