Table 8.
Metabolic Markers The average levels measured in the Autism and Neurotypical groups are reported below, along with their standard deviations
| Units | Autism Group | Neuro-typical Group | % Difference | p-value | Neurotypical Reference Range (10th and 90th percentiles) | Autism Group % below RR | Autism Group % above RR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free Sulfate (plasma) |
μmol / g protein |
1.44 +/- 0.51 |
4.09 +/- 2.28 |
-65% | < 0.00001 * | 1.4-7.5 | 56% | 0% |
| Total Sulfate (plasma) |
μmol / g-protein |
1121 +/- 212 |
1566 +/- 384 |
-28% | < 0.0001 * | 987-2070 | 36% | 0% |
| SAM (RBC) |
μmol/dl |
214.5 +/- 15 |
228.4 +/- 12 |
-6% | < 0.0001 * | 210-242 | 39% | 4% |
| SAH (RBC) |
μmol/dl | 44.6 +/- 8.0 | 42.6 +/- 4.4 |
n.s. | 40-52 | 27% | 24% | |
| SAM/SAH ratio |
4.9 +/- 1.1 |
5.4 +/- 0.6 |
-10% | 0.006 | 4.1-6.0 | 25% | 13% | |
| Uridine (plasma) |
10-6 mol/l |
15.3 +/- 7.5 |
7.9 +/- 2.7 |
+93% | < 0.00001 * | 5.5-10.9 | 4% | 60% |
| Adenosine (plasma) |
10-8 mol/l |
23.2 +/- 5.9 |
20.6 +/- 3.4 |
+12% | 0.008 | 17-26 | 11% | 33% |
| Inosine (plasma) |
10-6 mol/l | 3.56 +/- 0.91 |
3.83 +/- 0.93 |
n.s. | 2.7-5.2 | 16% | 5% | |
| Reduced plasma glutathione (GSH) | nmol/ml |
3.23 +/- 0.48 |
4.09 +/- 0.79 |
-21% | < 0.0001 * | 3.1-5.1 | 53% | 0% |
| Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) | nmol/ml |
0.447 +/- 0.13 |
0.362 +/- 0.10 |
+24% | 0.001 * | 0.22-0.52 | 0% | 30% |
| Ratio of oxidized to reduced plasma glutathione |
0.14 +/- 0.05 |
0.093 +/- 0.04 |
+49% | < 0.0001 * | 0.05-0.15 | 4% | 42% | |
| Plasma nitro-tyrosine | μg/l |
16.6 +/- 7.8 |
7.4 +/- 5.1 |
+125% | < 0.0001 * | 3.7-18 | 0% | 44% |
The p-value for a t-test comparison of the two groups is also reported. If the p-value is below 0.05, then the % difference between the groups is reported, and the result is highlighted.
The table also lists the reference range of the neurotypical group (10th and 90th percentiles), and the % of the Autism group who are above or below the reference ranges. Note that if the groups were identical, 10% would be above and 10% would be below. Percentages above 25% are highlighted.
* Statistically significant difference between the two groups with 95% confidence per Bonferroni analysis.