Table 1.

Daily energy, macronutrient and water intake in vegetarian (V) and non-vegetarian (NV) elderly males (m) and females (f) (mean ± SD)

Variable	Gender	V	NV	RDI
Energy (MJ)	m	8.7 ± 1.6	8.7 ± 1.2	8.8
	f	6.8 ± 2.0*,†	8.0 ± 1.4	7.8
Protein (E%)	m	17.8 ± 3.4	21.0 ± 2.0†	10-15
	f	17.3 ± 3.4*,†	19.5 ± 3.5†	10-15
Total carbohydrate (E%)	m	48.1 ± 6.4	42.3 ± 3.6†	50-55
	f	47.8 ± 7.5*	43.3 ± 4.6†	50-55
Mono- and disaccharides (g)	m	170 ± 37†	137 ± 35	131
	f	137 ± 50	133 ± 30†	117
Polysaccharides (g)	m	66 ± 22†	56 ± 3†	158
	f	50 ± 24†	59 ± 14†	140
Fibre (g)	m	28 ± 9	36 ± 10	27
	f	28 ± 18	32 ± 11	27
Total fat (E%)	m	32.8 ± 7.9	32.6 ± 3.0	30-35
	f	34.7 ± 7.2	35.2 ± 4.5	30-35
Saturated fat (g)	m	31.4 ± 12.9	33.4 ± 4.7†	23
	f	25.4 ± 8.2*,†	32.2 ± 6.9†	21
MUFA (g)	m	28.8 ± 11.7	39.1 ± 4.2†	28
	f	22.8 ± 10.1*	37.1 ± 6.1†	25
PUFA (g)	m	14.3 ± 2.8†	13.8 ± 1.3†	28
	f	13.4 ± 7.0†	12.2 ± 3.4†	25
Cholesterol (mg)	m	181 ± 56	208 ± 21	< 300
	f	161 ± 69	205 ± 46	< 300
Alcohol (E%)	m	1.7 ± 3.1	13.2 ± 13.1	< 4
	f	0.3 ± 0.9*	5.6 ± 7.7	< 4
Water (ml)	m	2050 ± 277	2224 ± 214	1600-2400
	f	1663 ± 452*	2166 ± 538	1600-2400

*Significantly different with NV (p < 0.05)

†Significantly different from Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) (p < 0.05)

MUFA: mono-unsaturated fatty acids

PUFA: poly-unsaturated fatty acids