Table 2.
Positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity (Sens), specificity (Spec), and effectivity (Effect) of symptoms and symptom combinations in diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
| Parameter | CVT vs. no CVT | PPV | NPV | Sens | Spec | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headaches (any form) | 27/39 vs. 145/200 | 0.17 | 0.82 | 0.69 | 0.28 | 0.34 |
| - plus seizure (focal or generalized) | 4/39 vs. 3/200 | 0.57 | 0.85 | 0.10 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| - plus focal neurological deficit | 12/39 vs. 39/200 | 0.23 | 0.86 | 0.31 | 0.81 | 0.72 |
| - plus previous history of DVT or PE | 5/39 vs. 24/200 | 0.33 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 0.97 | 0.82 |
| - plus papilledema | 4/39 vs. 3/200 | 0.57 | 0.85 | 0.10 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| - plus altered consciousness | 0/39 vs. 1/200 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.83 |
| - plus oral contraceptives* | 6/27 vs. 26/143 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 0.22 | 0.82 | 0.72 |
| - plus increased D-dimers§ | 14/29 vs. 7/69 | 0.67 | 0.81 | 0.48 | 0.89 | 0.78 |
| Seizures (focal or generalized) | 11/39 vs. 19/200 | 0.37 | 0.86 | 0.28 | 0.91 | 0.80 |
| - plus focal neurological deficit | 2/39 vs. 3/200 | 0.40 | 0.84 | 0.05 | 0.99 | 0.83 |
| - plus previous history of DVT or PE | 1/39 vs. 1/200 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| - plus papilledema | 0/39 vs. 0/200 | - | - | - | - | - |
| - plus altered consciousness | 0/39 vs. 1/200 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.83 |
| - plus oral contraceptives* | 1/27 vs. 1/143 | 0.03 | 0.96 | 0.17 | 0.80 | 0.78 |
| - plus increased D-dimers§ | 8/29 vs. 1/69 | 0.89 | 0.76 | 0.28 | 0.98 | 0.78 |
| Focal neurological deficit | 17/39 vs. 68/200 | 0.20 | 0.86 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 0.62 |
| - plus previous history of DVT or PE | 1/39 vs. 6/200 | 0.14 | 0.83 | 0.02 | 0.97 | 0.81 |
| - plus papilledema | 2/39 vs. 0/200 | 1.00 | 0.84 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.85 |
| - plus altered consciousness | 0/39 vs. 2/200 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.83 |
| - plus oral contraceptives* | 3/27 vs. 5/143 | 0.38 | 0.85 | 0.11 | 0.97 | 0.83 |
| - plus increased D-dimers§ | 11/29 vs. 1/69 | 0.92 | 0.79 | 0.38 | 0.98 | 0.81 |
| Altered consciousness | 0/39 vs. 10/200 | 0.00 | 0.83 | 0.00 | 0.95 | 0.79 |
| - plus previous history of DVT or PE | 0/39 vs. 1/200 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.83 |
| - plus papilledema | 0/39 vs. 0/200 | - | - | - | - | - |
| - plus oral contraceptives* | 0/39 vs. 1/200 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.83 |
| - plus increased D-dimers§ | 0/29 vs. 1/69 | 0.00 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.69 |
| Papilledema | 4/39 vs. 7/200 | 0.36 | 0.85 | 0.10 | 0.97 | 0.82 |
| - plus previous history of DVT or PE | 1/39 vs. 1/200 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| - plus oral contraceptives* | 1/39 vs. 1/200 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| - plus increased D-dimers§ | 3/29 vs. 1/69 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.10 | 0.99 | 0.72 |
| Increased D-dimers§ | 22/29 vs. 6/69 | 0.79 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 0.91 | 0.87 |
DVT: deep vein thrombosis of the legs
PE: pulmonary embolism
*limited to females
§limited to patients with D-dimer measurements