Table 1.

Summary of criteria for DSGA and ESGA [13].

DSGA

Lung deficiency pattern

Paroxysmal cough, frequent breathing, weakness in voicea

Undertone and weakness in the sound of cougha

Sweating in daytimea, dryness of mouth, mild face flush

Heart-kidney deficiency pattern

Asthmatic symptoms for more than 5 years, difficulty and

shortness of breath in inspirationa

Difficulty in breathing on movementa, frequent fatigue,

swelling tendency and/or frequent urination,

Night sweatsa, cold hands and feet

Upper excess and lower deficiency pattern

Paroxysmal cough, excessive sputuma, difficulty in breathing

on movementa

Lumbago and/or cold low backa, cold hands and feet

Swelling tendency and/or frequent urination, palpitations

ESGA

External contraction of cold-wind pattern

Paroxysmal cough, watery sputum, white sputum, chillnessa

Headachea, generalized paina, no thirst

Phlegm-damp pattern

Paroxysmal cough, excessive sputum, viscous sputuma

Unpleasantness after expectoration, chest discomfort

Nauseaa, loss or reduction in appetitea

Cold-phlegm pattern

Exacerbation by cold weather or cold wind, watery sputum

White sputuma, foamy sputum, chest discomfort

Dark and bluish tone of facea, feeling of cold body and

preference for drinking warm watera

Phlegm-heat pattern

Frequent breathinga, high tone and coarseness in the sound

of cough

Viscous sputum, yellowish sputuma, chest discomfort

Flushed face with sweating, thirst for watera

DSGA, Deficiency Syndrome Group of Asthma; ESGA, Excess Syndrome Group of Asthma.

^aImportant symptoms for each pattern.