Table 2.
Dietary factors for selected change at baseline and over time by study condition and racial group
| Ethnic group and P value | Calories from fat, % | Fiber, g/day | Fruit servings/day | Vegetable servings/day | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean at baseline (SD) | Mean change at 1 year | Mean change at 4 years | Mean at baseline (SD) | Mean change at 1 year | Mean change at 4 years | Mean at baseline (SD) | Mean change at 1 year | Mean change at 4 years | Mean at baseline (SD) | Mean change at 1 year | Mean change at 4 years | |
| Race P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| Asian American | ||||||||||||
| Intervention group | 27.2 (7.2) | −4.2† | −0.7 | 19.8 (7.0) | 8.0‡ | 6.4† | 2.6 (1.6) | 1.0† | 0.8* | 3.0 (1.8) | 2.1‡ | 2.0‡ |
| Comparison group | 27.4 (6.8) | 0.2 | 2.8* | 20.1 (6.8) | −1.0 | −1.6 | 2.7 (1.8) | −0.1 | −0.2 | 3.4 (2.1) | −0.3 | −0.6 |
| Time-group P value | 0.005 | 0.038 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.024 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| African American | ||||||||||||
| Intervention group | 29.6 (6.1) | −4.0† | −0.1 | 16.9 (6.8) | 5.5‡ | 2.6 | 1.8 (1.5) | 1.1† | 0.8* | 2.4 (1.2) | 1.2‡ | 0.7* |
| Comparison group | 32.7 (6.0) | −1.5 | 0.4 | 15.9 (6.7) | −1.0 | −0.8 | 1.7 (1.7) | −0.1 | −0.5 | 2.1 (1.4) | −0.2 | 0.4 |
| Time-group P value | 0.184 | 0.779 | < 0.001 | < 0.024 | 0.006 | 0.005 | < 0.001 | 0.472 | ||||
| Hispanic | ||||||||||||
| Intervention group | 30.4 (6.9) | −5.7‡ | −1.4 | 19.7 (6.5) | 5.0‡ | 2.7* | 1.9 (1.4) | 1.1‡ | 0.8† | 2.7 (1.6) | 1.4‡ | 0.8‡ |
| Comparison group | 30.2 (6.8) | −0.7 | 1.4 | 19.6 (7.7) | −0.1 | −3.0† | 2.0 (1.5) | 0.3 | −0.0 | 2.4 (1.6) | 0.0 | −0.4 |
| Time-group P value | < 0.001 | 0.020 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.019 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| white | ||||||||||||
| Intervention group | 28.5 (7.2) | −5.8‡ | −1.2‡ | 21.4 (8.4) | 7.8‡ | 3.7‡ | 2.5 (1.8) | 1.0‡ | 0.5‡ | 2.9 (1.7) | 1.7‡ | 1.3‡ |
| Comparison group | 28.4 (7.0) | −0.2 | 3.0‡ | 21.5 (8.1) | −0.2 | −2.1‡ | 2.4 (1.7) | 0.1* | −0.3‡ | 2.9 (1.7) | 0.1* | 0.0 |
| Time-group P value | < 0.001 | <0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Time-group-race | ||||||||||||
| P value | 0.134 | 0.169 | 0.164 | 0.442 | 0.806 | 0.670 | 0.169 | 0.002 | ||||
Note: Estimates of change are expressed for within-group differences from baseline to the indicated time point. Race P values represent baseline differences between racial groups among dietary components. Time-group P values represent time-by-group interactions comparing the degree of change from baseline to the indicated time point between study conditions. Time-group-race P values represent time-by-group-by-race interactions comparing the degree of change from baseline to the indicated time points among racial groups and between study conditions.
SD = standard deviation.
*
Significance at P < .05.
†
Significance at P < .01.
‡
Significance at P < .001.