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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2011 Jan 19;203(1):225–234. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02229.x

Figure 2.

Figure 2

PAR Polymer Formation and Degradation. (A) PARP-1 encounters DNA strand breaks. PARP-1 breaks down NAD+ into Nicotinamide (NA) and forms PAR polymers while repairing DNA. PAR polymers are toxic, and attach to neighboring proteins and PARP-1 itself. PARG degrades PAR Polymers, and under normal conditions keeps toxic PAR polymers at low levels. (B) Western blot illustrating sex differences in PAR polymer formation. Male mice have increased PAR Polymer formation compared to shams and females 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after 90 minute MCAO (Yuan et. al., 2009). Note AIF translocation is equivalent between the sexes after injury.