Figure 2.
Sample Sizes Required for Reaching 80% Power
Analytically estimated sample sizes required for reaching 80% power to detect rare variants associated with a continuous (top panel) or dichotomous phenotype in case-control studies (half are cases) (bottom panel) at the α = 10−6, 10−3, and 10−2 levels, under the assumption that 5% of rare variants with MAF < 3% within the 30 kb regions are causal. Plots correspond to 100%, 80%, and 50% of the causal variants associated with increase in the continuous phenotype or risk of the dichotomous phenotype. Regression coefficients for the s causal variants were assumed to be the same decreasing function of MAF as that in Figure 1. The absolute values of Required total sample sizes are plotted again the maximum effect sizes (ORs) when MAF = 10−4. Estimated total sample sizes were averaged over 100 random 30 kb regions.