Table 7.
Cardiometabolic Effects of T2DM Drugs
| Drug or changes | Hypoglycemia | Weight change | LDL-C or non-HDL-C lowered | Blood pressure lowered | Inflammation markers (CRP) lowered | Cardiovascular event lowered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin | No | Neutral | No | No | No | Yes (UKPDS) |
| Sulfonylureas | Yes | + | No | No | No | Yes (UKPDS) |
| TZDs | No | ++ | No | +/− | Yes | Inconclusive |
| GLP-1 agonists | No | Loss | No | +/− | +/− | ? |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | No | Neutral | No | +/− | +/− | ? |
| AGIs | No | Neutral | No | +/− | +/− | Maybe |
| BAS | No | Neutral | Yes | No | Yes | Yes (LRC-CPPT) |
| Insulin | Yes | + | No | No | No | Yes (UKPDS) |
| Lifestyle changes | No | Loss | Yes | Yes | Yes | Likely (SOS) |
T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; UKPDS, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study; TZDs, thiazolidinediones; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; AGIs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; BAS, bile acid sequestrants; LRC-CPPT, Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial; SOS, Swedish Obesity Study.