The CO2 assimilation rate as a function of Ci modeled with kinetic parameters, contents, and activation state of Rubisco. The CO2 assimilation rates at 28°C of nontransgenic rice and transgenic rice that express sorghum RbcS (SS5 and SS16) were calculated using the kinetic parameters, Rubisco content, and Rubisco activation level at PPFD of 1,000 μmol m−2 s−1 obtained in this study (summarized in Supplemental Table S1). However, Ko was assumed to be constant among plants and used the value of 410 μm determined in rice (Makino et al., 1985).