Table 1.
Anthropometrics, habitual diet, and exercise1.
| Baseline | 16 weeks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control n = 40 | Fish oil n = 38 | Control n = 40 | Fish oil n = 38 | P 2 | |
| Anthropometrics | |||||
| Age (yrs) | 14.3 ± 0.6 | 14.3 ± 0.7 | 14.6 ± 0.6 | 14.6 ± 0.7 | |
| Weight (kg) | 66.6 ± 9.9 | 69.8 ± 14.3 | 68.7 ± 10.3∗3 | 71.7 ± 14.4* | 0.73 |
| Height (cm) | 169 ± 9 | 169 ± 11 | 171 ± 9* | 170 ± 11* | 0.45 |
| BMI (kg/m2) 4 | 23.1 (22.5–23.7) | 24.1 (23.1–25.2) | 23.3 (22.7–23.9) | 24.3 (23.3–25.4)* | 0.81 |
| Testosterone (μg/L) | 3.0 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 2.0* | 4.0 ± 1.8* | 0.48 |
| IGF-1 | 360 ± 101 | 333 ± 93 | 352 ± 84 | 363 ± 86 | 0.19 |
| IGFBP-3 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 0.08 |
|
| |||||
| Habitual diet | |||||
| Energy intake (kJ) | 9292 ± 2523 | 8716 ± 2811 | 8524 ± 2258 | 8043 ± 2631 | 0.89 |
| Carbohydrates (E%) | 50.7 ± 5.1 | 51.3 ± 5.0 | 52.0 ± 6.7 | 52.7 ± 5.8 | 0.90 |
| Protein (E%) | 15.3 ± 2.9 | 15.5 ± 2.7 | 15.1 ± 2.9 | 16.2 ± 2.6 | 0.22 |
| Fat (E%)5 | 33.8 ± 4.7 | 33.3 ± 5.3 | 32.9 ± 6.4 | 31.0 ± 5.7* | 0.19 |
| SFA (E%) | 14.0 ± 2.4 | 14.0 ± 2.8 | 13.7 ± 3.3 | 12.8 ± 3.0* | 0.21 |
| MUFA (E%) | 12.2 ± 2.2 | 11.6 ± 2.2 | 11.7 ± 2.6 | 10.9 ± 2.3* | 0.56 |
| PUFA (E%) | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 0.43 |
| n-3 PUFA (E%) | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.51 |
| Added sugar (E%) | 10.8 ± 5.5 | 9.0 ± 5.0 | 8.6 ± 4.9* | 6.7 ± 4.7* | 0.98 |
| Fibre (g/MJ) | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5* | 2.5 ± 0.7* | 0.16 |
|
| |||||
| Physical activity | |||||
| Steps pr day | 10 950 ± 3842 | 10 711 ± 4253 | 11 901 ± 4234 | 11 134 ± 5395 | 0.43 |
1Data are presented as mean ± SD or geometric mean (95% CI).
2 P values for baseline adjusted group differences at 16 weeks.
3∗Indicates that the within-group-change from baseline to followup is significant (P < 0.05), assessed by paired t-tests.
4The usual cut-offs for BMI (>25 kg/m2 = overweight) is not applicable to children. The corresponding value for 13–15-year-old boys lies between 21.9 and 23.6 kg/m2 [15].
5This table compares habitual fat intake only, that is not including the contribution of energy and fat from supplemental oils.