Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population by Hyperuricemia Prevalence
| All participants | No hyperuricemia | Hyperuricemia | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median) | 48.5 | 48.0 | 49.0 | 0.19 |
| Kcal/day | 1928 | 1937.8 | 1898.4 | 0.03 |
| BMI (mean) | 23.3 | 22.9 | 24.5 | <0.001 |
| WHR (mean) | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.91 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 75.6 | 76.9 | 71.7 | <0.01 |
| Alcohol (%) | 41.4 | 39.10 | 48.1 | <0.001 |
| Exercise (%) | 21.8 | 21.7 | 21.99 | 0.85 |
| Education (%) | ||||
| None | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.52 | <0.01 |
| Elementary | 38.0 | 38.27 | 37.66 | |
| Up to high School | 40.7 | 41.45 | 38.17 | |
| College | 18.1 | 16.86 | 21.65 | |
| Income level (%) | ||||
| <500 | 19.3 | 19.08 | 20.02 | 0.32 |
| 500–999 | 41.8 | 42.7 | 39.30 | |
| 1000–1999 | 29.4 | 29.0 | 30.48 | |
| >1999 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 10.16 | |
| Occupation (%) | 0.03 | |||
| Professional | 20.3 | 19.57 | 22.33 | |
| Clerical | 23.1 | 22.56 | 24.55 | |
| Manual workers | 57.7 | 57.87 | 53.12 | |
| Hypertension medication | 13.5 | 10.26 | 23.09 | <0.001 |
| Pre-existing CVD | 4.1 | 3.89 | 4.91 | 0.15 |
| Metabolic syndrome prevalence | 29.3 | 21.4 | 53.1 | <0.01 |
| Metabolic syndrome components | ||||
| High waist circumference | 25.7 | 21.4 | 38.8 | <0.001 |
| Glucose intolerance | 38.9 | 31.8 | 60.1 | <0.001 |
| High triglycerides | 40.4 | 31.2 | 68.5 | <0.001 |
| Low HDL-C | 22.3 | 21.4 | 24.9 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 48.6 | 44.50 | 60.9 | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome number of factors | ||||
| None | 18.1 | 22.1 | 6.0 | <0.01 |
| 1 factor | 27.8 | 32.0 | 15.2 | |
| 2 factors | 24.8 | 25.5 | 25.7 | |
| 3 factors | 16.9 | 13.5 | 27.3 | |
| 4 factors | 10.0 | 6.5 | 20.3 | |
| 5 factors | 2.4 | 1.3 | 5.5 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.