TABLE 2.
TOXIC INHALATION HAZARDS ACTIVATING THE SENSORY NEURONAL ION CHANNEL TRPA1.
| Type of Chemical | Toxicant | Sensory Neuron | Ex Vivo, In Vivo Experiments | Trpa1−/− Antag | Ref. No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allergen | Ovalbumin | MeCh Resistence | Both | (97) | |
| Corrosive gas | Ammonium chloride | DRG | Pain | Trpa1−/− | (93) |
| Electrophile | Oximes | AP18 | (104) | ||
| Electrophile | Trans-2-pentenal | TG | Trpa1−/− | (105) | |
| Electrophile | Toluene diisocyanate | TG | Plethysmography | Trpa1−/− | (106) |
| Electrophile | Methyl isocyanate | DRG | Trpa1−/− | (86) | |
| Electrophile | Hexamethylene diisocyanate | DRG | Pain | Both | (86) |
| Electrophile | Benzyl bromide | DRG | (86) | ||
| Electrophile | Bromoacetone | DRG | Pain | Trpa1−/− | (86) |
| Electrophile | Crotonaldehyde | JG | Bronchus | Both | (95) |
| Electrophile | Acrolein | JG, TG | Bronchus, pain, heat | Both | (95, 107) |
| Electrophile | Allylisothiocyanate | DRG, TG | Pain, artery | Both | (108) |
| Electrophile | Methylvinylketone | (109) | |||
| Electrophile | Methacrolein | (109) | |||
| Electrophile tear gas | Chloroacetophenone | DRG | Pain | Both | (85, 86) |
| Electrophile tear gas | Chlorobenzalmalononitrile | DRG | Pain | Both | (85, 86) |
| Electrophile tear gas | Dibenzoxazepine | DRG | Pain | Both | (85, 86) |
| Electrophile fumigant | Chloropicrin | (86) | |||
| Electrophile air pollutant | Cigarette smoke extract | JG | Bronchus | Both | (95) |
| Aldehyde | Acetaldehyde | TG | Pain | Camphor | (110) |
| Aldehyde | Formalin | DRG | Pain | HC | (101) |
| Halide amine | Iodoacetamide | (88) | |||
| Oxidant | Ozone | Vagal gang | Lung | Trpa1−/− | (111) |
| Oxidant | Chlorine | DRG/TG | Plethysmography | Trpa1−/− | (84) |
| Oxidant | Hydrogen peroxide | DRG/TG | Plethys/pain | Trpa1−/− | (84, 112, 113) |
| Modulator | Substance P | Scratching | (114) | ||
| Modulator | Nitric oxide | DRG | Pain, heat | Trpa1−/− | (115, 116) |
| Modulator | GDGF and BDGF | DRG | (117) | ||
| Modulator | Bradykinin | Vagal/nodose | Esophy nerve | Trpa1−/− | (11, 96, 107) |
| Modulator | Ca2+ intracellular | (12, 13, 118) | |||
| Modulator | Enzyme/PAR2 | DRG | (14) | ||
| Modulator | NGF | TG | (119) | ||
| Modulator | Artemin | DRG | (120) |
Definition of abbreviations: BDGF = brain-derived growth factor; DRG = dorsal root ganglia; GDGF = glioma-derived growth factor; JG = jugular ganglia; TG = trigeminal ganglia.
This table displays the various toxic inhalation hazards found to activate the sensory neuron ion channel, TRPA1. The first column is for the chemistry of the toxicant, the next is the toxicant identified to be a TRPA1 agonist, followed by sensory neurons studied, how the effect of the toxicant on this channel was examined in vivo and ex vivo, and whether TRPA1 was involvement in the responses with an antagonist to TRPA1 or mutant mice lacking a functional trpa1 gene. The last column provides a reference for the study that made these findings.